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Measurement

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Jairos Marata Brasileño
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37 views21 pages

Measurement

Uploaded by

Jairos Marata Brasileño
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEASUREMENT, UNITS,

PRECISION & ACCURACY,


AND ERRORS
LESSON OBJECTIVES
◦ Solve measurement problems involving
conversion of units, expression of
measurements in scientific notation;
◦ Differentiate accuracy from precision; and
◦ Solve for percent error
ACTIVITY 1, IT’S MY UNIT!

Please click the link in the in-call messages or type in the browser:

joinmyquiz.com code: 178189


A measurement is a quantitative observation
that consists of two parts: a number and a unit.
Why are units important?

12   has little meaning – just a number


12 inches  has some meaning – length
12-inch hand has more meaning – length of a hand
Metric Units and the US Standard Unit (English
Unit). Length describes how long a thing is
from one end to another. Mass is the amount
of matter a thing consists of. Time is the
ongoing sequence of events.
Physical SI Metric System English System
Quantity

Length Meters + Prefixes Mile, Yard, Foot,


Inches
Mass Grams + Prefixes Pounds, Tons

Time Seconds Seconds


Converting between metric units is called unit
analysis or dimensional analysis.
How do you convert units from one system to another?

A conversion factor is a number used to change one set of


units to another, by multiplying or dividing. When a
conversion is necessary, the appropriate conversion factor
to an equal value must be used.
Example: 1 inch = 2.54 cm

6 inches = ______ cm

1 cm = 0.393701 inch

9.5 in = ______ cm
2.5 km = ______ m

2.5 m = ______ mm
How do we express measurement into standard
scientific notation?

- We simply move the decimal point either left or right to attain


a single non-zero digit which is the significant digit. The
number of times you move the decimal point either to the left
or right becomes the exponent, moving it to the left makes the
exponent positive while moving this to right is negative.
6,500,000 g =

0.005 kg =
Scientific Notation Rules
To determine the power or exponent of 10, we must follow the rule listed
below:

1. The base should be always 10

2. The exponent must be a non-zero integer, that means it can be either


positive or negative

3. The absolute value of the coefficient is greater than or equal to 1 but it


should be less than 10

 4. Coefficients can be positive or negative numbers including whole and


decimal numbers
Express the following into Scientific Notation:

490,000,000 g = 4.9 x 108 g

0.000143 mm = 1.43 x 10-4 mm

-2,300,000 mL = -2.3 x 106 mL


ACCURACY VS PRECISION

- Accuracy and precision are terms often used to describe


the reliability of measurements.

•  Accuracy refers to how close a measured value is to the real or “true”


value

• Precision refers to the degree of reproducibility of a measured quantity


(the closeness of agreement when the same quantity is measured several
times–how close the measurements are to each other)
Percent error

-Used to compare an unknown value with a theoretical value. It is a measure of the degree of accuracy.
                                                       
%Error = Theoretical value – Experimental Value 100
Theoretical Value
                                                       
A student estimated a mass to be 250 g, but upon carefully measuring it, found
the actual mass to be 240 g. What is the percent error?

Theoretical Value = 250 g

Experimental Value = 240 g


%Error = Theoretical Value – Experimental Value
Theoretical Value
100
                                                       
= 250 g – 240 g
100
250 g

= 10 g
= 4% error
100
250 g
Assignment!

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