WELCOME

PRESENTED BY :

• A. Josna Sri
• G.Harish
• K.Sirisha
• K. Manoj Kumar
• Jairama Krishna
SCADA(SUPERVISORY
CONTROL AND DATA
 AUTOMATION
Automation is the technology by which a
process or procedure is performed with
minimal human assistance. Automation,or
automatic control is the use of various
Control systems for operation equipment
such as machinery, processes in factories.
By using Automation system there is no
human errors and the collection of data is
easy.
 SCADA
Supervisory control and data acquisition is a control

system architecture comprising the computer networked

data communications and graphical user interface

(GUI) for high level process supervisory management

while also comprising other peripheral devices like

programmable logic controller (PLC) and discrete

proportional-integral-derivative(PID) controllers to

interface with process plant or machinery. The use of

 SUBSTATION
A substation is a part of an electric generation,
transmission and distribution system. It
transforms voltage from high to low or low to
high or perform any other several important
functions. Between the generating station &
consumer, electric power may flow through
several substations at different voltage level.
 TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS

Transmission substation distribution substation Collector substation

Switching substation. Railway substation. Mobile substation

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF SUBSTATION
DIFFERENT PARTS OF
SUBSTATION
Powerlines
• Transformers
• Circuit breakers
• Current transformer
• Potential transformer
• Lightning arresters
• Relay.
PARTS OF SUBSTATION
Powerlines : Powerlines are a set of conductors used in electric power transmission and
distribution to transmit electrical energy across large distances.It consists of one
or more uninsulated electric cables suspended by towers or poles.

Transformer : A transformer is one of the electrical device and it is

designed to convert alternating current from one voltage to another voltage
It is used to step up or step down voltages and it works on
the principal of Electromagnetic induction.
Circuit breaker : A circuit breaker is automatically
operated electrical switch with designed to protect an
electric circuit from damage caused by overload of
electricity or short circuit . Acircuit breaker function is
to detect fault condition & by interrupting continuity to
immediately discontinue the electric flow.

Current transformer: It is one type of transformer but

this is used for measurement purpose. It is used to
reduce or multiply an alternating current . It produces a
current in its secondary which is proportional to the
current in the primary.
Potential transformer: It is a instrument transformer
. It is a stepdown transformer which reduces the
voltage of high level to low level. It is parallel
connected type of instrument transformer.

Lightning arresters: It is also called as lighting

diverters. It is used in electric power system and
telecommunication system to protect the insulation
and conductors of the system from the damaging
effects of lightning.
Relay: A relay is electrically operated switch it
consists of a set of input terminals, single or
multiplied control signal and set of operating contact
terminals. Relays are used where it is necessary to
control a circuit by an independent low power signal
or where several circuits must be controlled by one
signal.
TYPES OF RELAYS

• Electromagnetic relay
• Thermal relay
• Power varied relay
 CONTROL PANEL
Control panels are designed and used to control mechalical equipment. Each
one is designed for a specific equipment arrangement and includes devices
that allows an operator to control sepcified equipment.
 MFT(Multi Function Transducer)
The acronym MFT stands for Multi function transducer.
The MFT collects the analog information such as frequency, power factor,
mw, kva, etc. from the substation and drives it to the biu card of rtu.
 CMR (Contact Multiple Relay)
The contact multiple relay is used to collect the digital information from the
substations and gives it to the di card of the rtu.
The cmrs operate at a voltage of 110v dc or 220v dc. The cmr delivers the
digital information from the substation to the di card of rtu through the terminal
blocks and retendency switches.
 RTU (Remote
Terminal Unit)

A remote terminal unit is a

microprocessor controlled electronic
device that interfaces the objects in the
physical world to a distributed control
system or scada system by transmitting
the telemetry data to master system and
by using messages and comments from
the master supervisory system to control
connected objects.
The rtu operates at a voltage of 48v dc.

The construction of rtu consists of a main unit ,

standby unit and rack.
The main and standby consist of BIU and CPU
cards.
Rack consists
• Biu card
• Cpu card
• Digital input card (16 channels)
• Digital output card (10 channels)
• Analog input card (8 channels)
ADVANTAGES OF RTU

• Flexible and scalable hardware concept.

• Flexible communication to IED’S.
• Archive functionality.
• Highest reliability.
• Robustness against fiber security attacks.
Different types of cables are used for connecting different devices.
The cables are classified as follows:

Ribbon electric cables. Shielded cables. Twisted pair

cables.
DI – 0.5mm^2,
10 or 16 core.
DO – 2.5mm^2,
4 core.
AI – cat 6

Co-axial cables. Optic fiber cable.

CAT 6 cable is used for ethernet communication by using colour coding.
The picture below gives you a view of high quality cat 6 cable with rj 45
connector.

COLOUR CODING OF
CAT 6 CABLE:
1. White-orange
2. Orange
3. White-green
4. Blue
5. White-blue
6. Green
7. White-brown
8. Brown.
Scada protocols
1. IP
2. HTTP
3. FTP
4. MODBUS
5. DNP
6. IEC
7. 101
8. 104
Types of communication:
• Serial communication
• Parallel communication
Serial communication: In telecommunication, the process of sending data
sequentially over a computer bus is called serial communication.
Parallel communication: In parallel communication the data is transmitted
in a byte.
 RS232
It has two types of connectors:
• 9 pin
• 25 pin
It is used for serial
communication. It works on the
two way communication that
exchanges data to another.
 SCADA PROTOCOL

Scada network protocols communicated over radio or dedicated serial communication lines .
Real scada system do not talk with just simple electrical signals either scada data is envoded in
protocol format.
The open standards has many benefits over the property protocolsuch as
• Vender independence
• Availabilityof open system connectivity
• Reliable product at optimised cost
• Easy available knowledge and specification
THANK YOU