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CAO Unit 2

This document discusses different types of computer memory. It begins by explaining the basic concepts of memory including memory address locations, word length, and memory control signals. It then covers different types of semiconductor memory technologies like RAM, ROM, DRAM, SRAM, EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory. RAM allows reading and writing data in any order while ROM is read-only. DRAM uses capacitors to store bits and needs periodic refreshing, while SRAM does not need refreshing. The document concludes by describing the memory hierarchy from registers to primary, secondary and tertiary storage, and providing examples of SRAM and DRAM circuitry and operation.

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Aditya Rathod
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36 views

CAO Unit 2

This document discusses different types of computer memory. It begins by explaining the basic concepts of memory including memory address locations, word length, and memory control signals. It then covers different types of semiconductor memory technologies like RAM, ROM, DRAM, SRAM, EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory. RAM allows reading and writing data in any order while ROM is read-only. DRAM uses capacitors to store bits and needs periodic refreshing, while SRAM does not need refreshing. The document concludes by describing the memory hierarchy from registers to primary, secondary and tertiary storage, and providing examples of SRAM and DRAM circuitry and operation.

Uploaded by

Aditya Rathod
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 2

Memory Unit
Basic concepts

Memory
Processor

MAR
Upto 2k
addressable
lacations
MDR

Word length=
n bits
 MFC(Memory function complete):
It is just a signal that tells the CPU that the
current operation involving memory is
complete.
 Read write operation:
The read operation reads previously stored data
The write operation stores a new value in
memory.
Semiconductor RAM memories

A device for storing digital information that is


fabricated by using integrated circuit
technology is known as semiconductor
memory.
It is use to store data and program.
Semiconductor Memory

RAM ROM

PROM MROM
DRAM SRAM

EPROM EEPROM FLASH PCM

NOR NAND
1) Random access memory:
RAM is a form of semiconductor memory technology
that is used for reading and writting data in any order.

i)Dynamic random access memory(DRAM):


DRAM uses capacitor to store each bit of data.

ii)Static random access memory(SRAM):


Data need not to be refreshed periodically and hence
gain its name.
Memory Hierarchy

Internal memory
Regi
sters

Cache
Memory

Main Primary memory


Memory(RAM)

USB/FLASH Secondary memory

Magnetic Disk/Hard disk

Magnetic tapes/Tape drivers Tertiory memory


Static Memories(SRAM) DC Voltage

T3 T4

T5 C1 C2 T6

T1 T2

O/P
O/P

Bit Bit
Ground Line
Line
Input
Address line
Dynamic RAM
Address line(output)

T1

Storage capacitor

Bit line Ground


Ex: If we have-
1001 (9)
Refresh it then value becomes
1000 (8)
Read
write

Refresh
D1
DRAM
Internal organization of memory chips

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