Introduction To Computers
Introduction To Computers
on
Introduction to Computers
1
What Is A Computer?
2
History of Computers
Fifth Generation
Pic’s
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Types of Computers
On the basis of Computing Power & Size:
Laptop / Palmtop
Super Computer
4
Devices that comprise a computer system
Monitor Speaker
(output) (output) System unit
(processor, memory…)
Printer
(output)
Storage devices
(CD-RW, Floppy,
Hard disk, zip,…)
Mouse
(input)
Scanner Keyboard
(input)
(input)
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What Does A Computer Do?
Input
Process
Output
Storage
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Data and Information
All computer processing requires data, which is a collection of
raw facts, figures and symbols, such as numbers, words,
images, video and sound, given to the computer during the
input phase.
Computers manipulate data to create information.
Information is data that is organized, meaningful, and useful.
During the output Phase, the information that has been created
is put into some form, such as a printed report.
The information can also be put in computer storage for future
use.
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Why Is A Computer So Powerful?
The ability to perform the information
processing cycle with amazing speed.
Reliability (low failure rate).
Accuracy.
Ability to store huge amounts of data and
information.
Ability to communicate with other computers.
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How Does a Computer Know
what to do?
It must be given a detailed list of instructions,
called a compute program or software,
that tells it exactly what to do.
Before processing a specific job, the
computer program corresponding to that job
must be stored in memory.
Once the program is stored in memory the
compute can start the operation by executing
the program instructions one after the other.
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What Are The Primary
Components Of A Computer ?
Input devices.
Central Processing Unit
(containing the control
unit and the
arithmetic/logic unit).
Memory.
Output devices.
Storage devices.
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Input Devices
Keyboard.
Mouse.
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The Keyboard
The most commonly used input device is the
keyboard on which data is entered by
manually keying in or typing certain keys. A
keyboard typically has 101 or 105 keys.
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The Mouse
Is a pointing device which is used to control
the movement of a mouse pointer on the
screen to make selections from the screen. A
mouse has one to five buttons. The bottom of
the mouse is flat and contains a mechanism
that detects movement of the mouse.
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The Central processing Unit
The central processing unit (CPU) contains
electronic circuits that cause processing to
occur. The CPU interprets instructions to the
computer, performs the logical and arithmetic
processing operations, and causes the input
and output operations to occur. It is
considered the “brain” of the computer.
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Memory
Memory also called Random Access Memory
or RAM (temporary memory) is the main
memory of the computer. It consists of
electronic components that store data
including numbers, letters of the alphabet,
graphics and sound. Any information stored
in RAM is lost when the computer is turned
off.
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Storage Devices
Auxiliary storage devices are used to store
data when they are not being used in
memory. The most common types of auxiliary
storage used on personal computers are
floppy disks, hard disks and CD-ROM drives.
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Floppy Disks
A floppy disk is a portable, inexpensive
storage medium that consists of a thin,
circular, flexible plastic disk with a magnetic
coating enclosed in a square-shaped plastic
shell.
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The disk’s storage locations are divided into pie-
shaped sections called sectors.
A sectors is capable of holding 512 bytes of data.
A typical floppy stores data on both sides and has 80
tracks on each side with 18 sectors per track.
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Hard Disks
Another form of auxiliary storage is a hard disk. A
hard disk consists of one or more rigid metal plates
coated with a metal oxide material that allows data
to be magnetically recorded on the surface of the
platters.
The hard disk platters spin at a high rate of speed,
typically 5400 to 7200 revolutions per minute (RPM).
Storage capacites of hard disks for personal
computers range from 10 GB to 120 GB (one billion
bytes are called a gigabyte).
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Compact Discs
A compact disk (CD), also called an optical disc, is a
flat round, portable storage medium that is usually
4.75 inch in diameter.
A CD-ROM (read only memory), is a compact disc
that used the same laser technology as audio CDs for
recording music. In addition it can contain other
types of data such as text, graphics, and video.
The capacity of a CD-ROM is 650 MB of data.
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Advantages of Using Computers
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Computer Software
Computer software is the key to
productive use of computers.
Software can be categorized into
two types:
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Operating System Software
File Management
Memory Management
Process Management
Device Management
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Application Software
Application Software consists of programs
that tell a computer how to produce
information. Some of the more commonly
used packages are:
Word processing
Electronic spreadsheet
Database
Presentation graphics
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Word Processing
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Electronic Spreadsheets
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Database Software
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Presentation Graphics
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Networking
A Computer Network is interconnection of Computers
to share resources.
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Types of Networks
On the basis of Size:
Local Area Network (LAN)
Its a network of the computers locally i.e. in
one room, one building.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Its a network of the computers spread widely
geographically.
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Benefits of Computer Networks
Information Sharing
Device Sharing
Load Sharing
Mobility
Fast Communication
Anywhere Anytime Banking
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A Look Inside…
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