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Update Problems Potentials

This document discusses methods for participatory community profiling and development work. It outlines approaches like problem tree analysis and SWOT analysis to identify issues and potentials in a community. Problem tree analysis maps the core problems, their causes and effects to provide guidance for intervention planning. SWOT analysis examines the internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats to inform decision making. The document emphasizes the importance of fully involving community members at each stage of the process through methods like group discussions, interviews and ranking exercises.

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Geoff Owusu
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20 views

Update Problems Potentials

This document discusses methods for participatory community profiling and development work. It outlines approaches like problem tree analysis and SWOT analysis to identify issues and potentials in a community. Problem tree analysis maps the core problems, their causes and effects to provide guidance for intervention planning. SWOT analysis examines the internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats to inform decision making. The document emphasizes the importance of fully involving community members at each stage of the process through methods like group discussions, interviews and ranking exercises.

Uploaded by

Geoff Owusu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Participatory Update of

Problems & Potentials

Yussif ADAMS (PhD)


Dept. of Clinical Chemistry
School of Allied Health Sciences
University for Development Studies
Tamale Campus
Acknowledgement

Abdul Nashirudeen MUMUNI


(PhD)
Department of Medical Imaging
School of Allied Health Sciences
University for Development Studies
Tamale Campus
Outline
 Concept of Participatory Work
 Areas of Focus
 Update of Problems
 Update of Potentials
 Summary & Conclusions
Concept of Participatory Work
 Community profiling, diagnosis and interventions in
development work require the full participation of
community members at every stage

 Methods of gathering information/data may differ


depending on what information is needed: transect walk,
interview with questionnaire as guide, group/focus group
discussion, participant observation, seasonal calendar, key
informant interview, resource mapping, census/survey

 Involvement of community members may be done in


different ways: groups, focus-groups, individuals
Areas of Focus
1. Natural Resources & Environment
Location, climate, vegetation, soils, drainage, geology
2. Population Characteristics
Characteristics/dynamics, household size, occupational
distribution, health & nutrition, incomes, housing, religion,
ethnicity
3. Social Development
History, traditional & modern political structures, social groups,
communication systems, decision-making systems
4. Economic Development
Employment, economic activities, recreation
5. Historical & Land Governance
Land resources & ownership, spatial organisation,
infrastructure, roads, water & sanitation
Update of Problems
Problem Tree Analysis

 A problem tree provides an overview of all the known


causes and effects to an identified problem.

 It involves writing causes in a negative form (e.g., lack


of knowledge, absence of health facilities etc.)

 Reversing the problem tree, by replacing negative


statements with positive ones, creates a solution tree.
Update of Problems
Problem Tree Analysis - Schematic
Update of Problems
Problem Tree Analysis - Steps
1. Settle on the Core Problem
 Ideally, projects should have a specific problem (e.g., saving water
inside the home) that they seek to overcome if change is to occur. A
vague or broad problem (e.g., Lack of water) will have too many
causes for an effective and meaningful project to be developed.
 If more than one problem exist, do re-ordering to arrive at a Core
Problem

2. Identify the Causes and Effects


 Use vertical lines to connect cause-effects directly related and
horizontal lines to connect same-level causes or effects
Update of Problems
Pairwise Ranking
 Pairwise comparison generally is any process of comparing
entities in pairs to judge which of each entity is preferred.
 Pairwise ranking in which each item on a list is compared in a
systematic way with each other provides such a method.
 To construct this table, each problem is compared in turn
with each of the other problems.
 This is done two at a time.
 This process is repeated for all problems until all possible
comparisons had been made and the matrix is completed
 The number of times a problem is found to be more important
is measured by counting the number of times its problem
number appeared in the matrix.
Update of Problems
Pairwise Ranking – In Practice
1. Select a day that would make sure all groups are
represented.

2. Make sure you get a good representation of the community.


Elders, Opinion leaders, Women, Trade groups, Youth, etc.

3. Make them vote either openly or by secret ballot. They can


either raise their hands or let them drop stones by their
selection.

4. Let it be participatory

5. Create a festive atmosphere.


Update of Problems
Pairwise Ranking – In Practice
Update of Problems
Pairwise Ranking – In Practice
Update of Problems
Pairwise Ranking – In Practice
Update of Problems
Problem Tree Analysis - Example
Update of Problems
Problem Tree Analysis - Requirements
1. The right people: this may include the project designer(s),
the implementation team, and other relevant stakeholders

2. Time: ideally, half-a-day or more depending on the


complexity of the problem, and number of stakeholders

3. A wall, whiteboard, or 'Post-it' notes or similar,

4. A facilitator

5. The final product can be transferred into an electronic


format using MS Word or Excel
Update of Problems
Problem Tree Analysis – Why problem tree analysis?
 Helps the planning of a project

 Provides a guide as to the complexity of a problem by


identifying the multiple causes

 Identifies particular lines of intervention and other factors


that may need to be tackled with complementary projects

 Provides an outline of the project plan, including the


activities that need to be undertaken, the goal and the
outcomes of the project.
Update of Potentials
SWOT Analysis
 SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats analysis) is a framework for identifying and
analyzing the internal and external factors that can have
an impact on the viability of a project, product, place or
person.

 Internal factors –the strengths and weaknesses internal to


the community

 External factors –the opportunities and threats presented


by the environment external to the community
Update of Potentials
SWOT Analysis can be used to:
1. explore new solutions to problems

2. identify barriers that will limit goals/objectives

3. decide on direction that will be most effective

4. reveal possibilities and limitations for change

5. revise plans to best navigate systems, communities, and


organizations

6. enhance “credibility of interpretation” to be utilized in


presentation to leaders or key supporters
Update of Potentials
SWOT Analysis
Strengths and Weaknesses: These are the internal factors
within an organization or community.

 Human resources
 Finances
 Internal advantages/disadvantages of the
organization/community
 Physical resources
 Experiences including what has worked or has not worked
in the past
Update of Potentials
SWOT Analysis
Opportunities and Threats: These are external factors
stemming from community or societal forces.

 Trends (new research)


 Society’s cultural, political, and economic ideology
 Funding sources
 Current events
 Societal oppression
Update of Potentials
SWOT Analysis
Summary & Conclusions
 Updates of qualitative information can be done by
narrative reporting

 Updates of numerical data should be done by absolute


counts where necessary, and percentage estimates

 Report on reasons for the changes observed

 Explain linkages/implications of these changes for the


particular sector under discussion
The End

Questions?!

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