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Zener Diodes Problems Notes

This document discusses three operating conditions for a Zener diode voltage regulator: 1) Fixed supply voltage and fixed load resistance 2) Fixed supply voltage and variable load resistance 3) Variable supply voltage and fixed load resistance. Examples are provided to illustrate how to analyze each condition and calculate important values like minimum/maximum load resistances.

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psathishkumar1232544
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265 views

Zener Diodes Problems Notes

This document discusses three operating conditions for a Zener diode voltage regulator: 1) Fixed supply voltage and fixed load resistance 2) Fixed supply voltage and variable load resistance 3) Variable supply voltage and fixed load resistance. Examples are provided to illustrate how to analyze each condition and calculate important values like minimum/maximum load resistances.

Uploaded by

psathishkumar1232544
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 Introduction.

2 Fixed Vi , Fixed RL .

3 Fixed Vi , Variable RL .

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny


Introduction.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction.

2 Fixed Vi , Fixed RL .

3 Fixed Vi , Variable RL .

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny


Introduction.

Introduction:

The Zener diode has three regions of operations. Each


region has it own approximation model.
It can be used as a part of protection circuit or as a
voltage regulator.
The use of the Zener diode as a regulator is so
common that three conditions surrounding the
analysis of the basic Zener regulator are considered:
1 Fixed load and fixed supply voltage.
2 Fixed supply voltage and variable load.
3 Variable supply voltage and fixed load. Zener diode characteristics
The first case is already studied in the previous semester
and will briefly reviewed.

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny


Fixed Vi , Fixed RL .

Table of Contents

1 Introduction.

2 Fixed Vi , Fixed RL .

3 Fixed Vi , Variable RL .

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny


Fixed Vi , Fixed RL .

Fixed Vi , Fixed RL :
Example

Example
For the Zener diode regulator,
1 Determine VL , VR , IZ and PZ .
2 If the load is changed to RL = 3 k Ω,
repeat the above problem.

Example

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny


Fixed Vi , Fixed RL .

Fixed Vi , Fixed RL :

Solution:
1 Determine the voltage across the Zener diode to

determine its state:


Vi RL 1.2
Vzener = VL = = 16 = 8.73 V
R L+ R 1
+ 1.2
Since the voltage across the Zener is smaller than
VZ and the diode is reverse, then the Zener is OFF.

VL = Vzener = 8.73 V

VR = Vi − VL = 16 − 8.73 = 7.27 V Example


IZ = 0
PZ = 0 Watts
Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny
Fixed Vi , Fixed RL .

Fixed Vi , Fixed RL :

Solution:
2 If RL = 3 k Ω :

RL 16 × 3
Vzener = Vi = = 12 V
R+R L 1+3
Since the voltage across the zener is greater than
VZ then the zener is operating in the zener region
and can be approximated as battery with VZ :

VL = VZ = 10V
Example
VR = Vi − VL = 16 − 10 = 6V
VR 6V
IR = = = 6mA
R 1k
Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny Ω
Fixed Vi , Fixed RL .

Fixed Vi , Fixed RL :

Solution:
VL 10V
IL = = = 3.33 mA
RL 3k
IZ = IR − IΩ
L = 6 − 3.33 = 2.67 mA

The power dissipated by the Zener diode is:

PZ = IZ × VZ = 26.7 mW Example

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny


Fixed Vi , Variable RL .

Table of Contents

1 Introduction.

2 Fixed Vi , Fixed RL .

3 Fixed Vi , Variable RL .

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny


Fixed Vi , Variable RL .

Fixed Vi , Variable RL :

The load resistance RL determines the


state of the Zener (on or off ).
Too small a RL will result in a voltage VL
across the load resistor less than VZ , and
the Zener device will be in the “off” state.
We need to find the range of load
resistance that ensure the on state for the
zener diode
RL
VL = Vi
R + RL

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny


Fixed Vi , Variable RL .

Fixed Vi , Variable RL :

To determine the minimum load


resistance, RLmin :
It is the resistance that will result in a lad
voltage VL = VZ :

RL
VL = VZ = Vi
R + RL
R VZ
RLmin =
Vi − V Z
So, if a load resistance is grater than RLmin
then the Zener will be on and:
VL VZ
ILmax = =
RL RLmin
Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny
Fixed Vi , Variable RL .

Fixed Vi , Variable RL :

To determine the maximum load


resistance, RLmax :
Once the diode is ON, the voltage across R is fixed at:
VR = Vi − VZ

and,
VR
IR =
R
The Zener current is:
IZ = IR − IL

IZ is limited to the maximum


zener current IZM from
the data sheet.
ILmin = IR −VIZM
Z
RLmax =
I Lmin

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny


Fixed Vi , Variable RL .

Fixed Vi , Variable RL :

Example:
1 For the shown network, determine the
range of RL and IL that will result in VL
being maintained at 10 V .
2 Determine the maximum wattage rating
of the diode.

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny


Fixed Vi , Variable RL .

Fixed Vi , Variable RL :

Solution:
R VZ 1k Ω 10V
RLmin = =
Vi − VZ 50V − 10V
RLmin = 250 Ω
VL VZ 10
ILmax = = = = 40mA
RL RLmin 250

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny


Fixed Vi , Variable RL .

Fixed Vi , Variable RL :

Solution:
VR = Vi − VZ = 50 − 10 = 40 V
VR 40V
IR = = = 40mA
R 1k
Ω
ILmin = IR − IZM = 40 − 32 = 8mA
VZ 10 V
RLmax = =
ILmin 8 mA

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny


Fixed Vi , Variable RL .

Fixed Vi , Variable RL :

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny


Fixed Vi , Variable RL .

Fixed Vi , Variable RL :

Solution:

PZmax = VZ IZM = (10 V )(32 mA) = 320mW

Dr. Haitham El-Hussieny

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