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MODULE 5.1 PPT5.1 Non-Newtonian Fluids

This document discusses different types of non-Newtonian fluids and their viscosity properties. It describes dilatant fluids which increase in viscosity with increasing shear rate, and pseudoplastic fluids which decrease in viscosity with increasing shear rate. Bingham plastics do not flow until a yield stress is exceeded. Some fluids are time-dependent, with thixotropic fluids decreasing in viscosity over time under shear and rheopectic fluids increasing in viscosity over time. Most non-Newtonian fluids follow the power law relationship between shear stress and shear rate.

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52 views6 pages

MODULE 5.1 PPT5.1 Non-Newtonian Fluids

This document discusses different types of non-Newtonian fluids and their viscosity properties. It describes dilatant fluids which increase in viscosity with increasing shear rate, and pseudoplastic fluids which decrease in viscosity with increasing shear rate. Bingham plastics do not flow until a yield stress is exceeded. Some fluids are time-dependent, with thixotropic fluids decreasing in viscosity over time under shear and rheopectic fluids increasing in viscosity over time. Most non-Newtonian fluids follow the power law relationship between shear stress and shear rate.

Uploaded by

jithin jacob
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CH206-Fluid and Particle Mechanics-II

Module-V
Non-Newtonian Fluids

Dr.Mohanraj N
S4/April 2020
Newton’s Law of Viscosity
du
 
dy
• τ – Shear stress
• μ – Absolute viscosity/ dynamic viscosity/ viscosity
• du/dy – shear rate/ rate of strain/ rate of shear deformation

• [μ] = Ns/m2 , Pa.s, or Poise


• 1 Ns/m2 = 10 Poise
• μ of pure water at 20°C = 1 cp
2
Viscosity

Thixotropic and rheopectic fluids – time dependent viscosity


3
Non-Newtonian Fluids
Dilatant fluids: shear stress increases with increase in shear rate; also called
as shear rate-thickening fluids.
e.g. Quicksand, sand-filled emulsions

Pseudoplastic fluids: shear stress decreases with increase in shear rate; also
called as shear rate-thinning fluids.
e.g. Rubber latex

Bingham plastic or Ideal plastic: Fluid does not flow until a minimum
threshold shear stress is applied. Above this stress, they follow linear stress –
shear rate behavior
e.g. sewage sludge, tooth paste

4
Time-dependent flow
For some non-newtonian liquids, the stress vs. rate curve depends on how long
the stress has been active; i.e., the history of the fluid is important.

Thixotropic liquids break down under continued shear and on mixing give
lower shear stress for a given shear rate; that is, their apparent viscosity
decreases with time.
e.g. paints

Rheopectic liquids exhibits an increase in shear stress with time for a given
shear rate. The initial apparent viscosity is recovered upon standing.
e.g. bentonite clay suspensions, gypsum suspensions

5
Viscosity of Non-Newtonian Fluids
For Bingham plastics, the viscosity is given by the relationship
𝑑𝑢
𝜏 𝑣 =𝜏 0 + 𝐾
𝑑𝑦
Where, is the minimum threshold stress and K is a constant.
Most other non-Newtonian fluids follow a power law, also called as Ostwald-de
Wale equation for stress-strain relationship. These fluids are also called as

( 𝑑𝑦 )
′
power law fluids. 𝑑𝑢 𝑛
′
𝜏 𝑣 =𝐾
Where, K’ and n’ are constants called the flow consistency index and the flow
behavior index. For pseudoplastics, n’ <1, while for dialatants, n’ > 1.
(when n’ = 1, the power law becomes Newton’s law of viscosity)
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