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Neural Computers

Neural computers use artificial neural networks that are inspired by biological neural networks in the brain. An artificial neural network consists of interconnected processing elements called neurons that work together to solve problems. Neural networks can be organized in various topologies like single-layer, multi-layer, and recurrent networks. They have advantages like flexibility, parallel computation, and the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed. However, neural networks also have disadvantages like high processing time for large networks and lack of transparency. Neural networks are applied in domains like image recognition, natural language processing, and prediction problems.

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45 views

Neural Computers

Neural computers use artificial neural networks that are inspired by biological neural networks in the brain. An artificial neural network consists of interconnected processing elements called neurons that work together to solve problems. Neural networks can be organized in various topologies like single-layer, multi-layer, and recurrent networks. They have advantages like flexibility, parallel computation, and the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed. However, neural networks also have disadvantages like high processing time for large networks and lack of transparency. Neural networks are applied in domains like image recognition, natural language processing, and prediction problems.

Uploaded by

Jay Fab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NEURAL COMPUTERS
PRESENTED BY JAMES OSEI AMPOFO
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TABLE OF CONTENT
 Introduction
 Overview
 Artificial Neural Networks
 Connection Types of Neural Networks
 Topology
 Types Of Neural Networks
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Applications
 Conclusion
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INTRODUCTION

 Alexander Bain (1873) claimed that both thoughts and body activity
resulted from interactions among neurons within the brain.
 For Bain, every activity led to the firing of a certain set of neurons.
 It is now apparent that the brain is exceedingly complex and that
the same brain can handle multiple problems and inputs. ANN is
composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing
elements(neurons) working in unison to solve specific problems.
 Neural Network theory has served both:
-better identify how the neurons in the brain function and
-provide the basis for efforts to create artificial intelligence
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NEURAL COMPUTERS

 Neural Computer are computer that uses neural networks in it


operations.
 NEURAL NETWORKS: are networks that operates in a manner
inspired by the natural neural network in the brain.
 a neural network system is composed of many simple processing
elements operating in parallel whose function is determined by
network structure, connection strengths, and the processing
performed at computing elements or nodes.
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OVERVIEW
 The brain is said to be composed of natural neural networks i.e,
mass of inter-connected computational units called neurons
 Each neuron is connected to other neurons.
 The human nervous system can be broken down into three stages
that may be represented in block diagram form as: – The receptors
collect information from the environment – e.g. photons on the
retina. – The effectors generate interactions with the environment
– e.g. activate muscles. – The flow of information/activation is
represented by arrows – feed forward and feedback.
Neural
Stimulus Receptors Networks/B Effectors
rain
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OVERVIEW

The Structure of a Biological neuron


 A biological neuron has three types of main
components; dendrites, soma (or cell body)
and axon.
 Dendrites receives signals from other neurons.
 The soma, sums the incoming signals. When
sufficient input is received, the cell fires; that is it
transmit a signal over its axon to other cells.
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ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

 An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an information processing


paradigm that is inspired by the way biological nervous systems,
such as the brain, process information.
 The key element of this paradigm is the novel structure of the
information processing system.
 It is composed of a large number of highly interconnected
processing elements (neurons) working in unison to solve specific
problems.
 An ANN is configured for a specific application, such as pattern
recognition or data classification, through a learning process.
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WORKING OF ARTIFICIAL NEURON

 An artificial neuron also contains dendrites, cell body, axon and


synapse.
 In artificial neural networks, the inputs are taken only when
threshold value is satisfied. Otherwise inputs are not taken by the
neuron..
 These are two modes of neurons such as, training mode and using
mode.
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TOPOLOGY

Topologies in Neural networks:


 Topology defines how a neuron in neural network connect with
another neurons.
 There are three types of topologies every neural network must
follow
1. single-level topology
2. multi-level topology
3. recurrent topology
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Single-level topology

 The simplest kind of neural network is a single-layer network,


which consist of equal number of input and output nodes.
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Multi-level

 In multi-level, each neuron in one layer has directed connections


to the neurons of the subsequent layer.
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recurrent

 A recurrent neural networks(RNN) is a class of artificial neural


networks where connections between units form a directed cycles.
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CONNECTION TYPES IN NEURAL NETWORKS

 Neurons are interconnection with each other, for the transferring


the data.
 There are two types of hierarchies for connecting the neurons
-Static connection
-Dynamic connection
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1.Static(feed forward)

 The feedforward neural network was the first and most simple
type of artificial neural network.
 In this network, the information will move in one direction only.
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2. Dynamic(feed backward)

 Feed backwards is advanced than feed forward.


 In feed backward, looping mechanism is introduced.
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TYPES OF NEURAL NETWORKS

 Feedforward Neural Network – Artificial Neuron: ...


 Radial basis function Neural Network: ...
 Recurrent Neural Network(RNN) – Long Short Term Memory: ...
 Modular Neural Network:
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ADVANTAGES

 It is used in developing predictive models for dichotomous


outcome in medicine.
 Collective computation : The network performs routinely many
operations in parallel and also given task in a distributed manner.
 Flexibility : The network automatically adjust to a new
environment without using any programmed instruction.
 Work by learning
 No need to write algorithms.
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DISADVANTAGES

 It has a black box nature.


 Requires high processing time for large neural networks.
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APPLICATION

 Image recognition
 Natural language processing, translation and language generation
 Stock market prediction
 Drug discovery and development
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CONCLUSION

 In conclusion, the idea of neural network just tries to modify


computers to work just like the human brain with the use of
neurons.
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Reference

 https://www.britannica.com/technology/neural-network
 https://slideplayer.com/slide/13271589/
 https://towardsdatascience.com/multi-layer-neural-networks-with-sigmoid-function-deep-l
earning-for-rookies-2-bf464f09eb7f
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Appreciate

THANK YOU

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