Introduction to Server-side

Development
Objectives
◆ Understand the basics of Node.js
◆ Download and install Node.js and NPM
◆ Verify that the installation was successful and your machine is ready for
using Node.js and NPM
◆ Write a simple Node application in JavaScript
◆ Understand the basics of Node modules and write simple file-based Node
modules
◆ Callback and Error handling in Node applications

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Node.js and NPM
What is Node.js?
◆ Node.js is an open source server environment
◆ Node.js is free
◆ Node.js runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix,
Mac OS X, etc.)
◆ Node.js uses JavaScript on the server
◆ JavaScript runtime built on Chrome V8 JavaScript Engine

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Why Node.js?

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Why is Node.js
The traditional web server handles a file
Node.js handles a file request
request
1. Sends the task to the computer's file system. 1. Sends the task to the computer's file system.
2. Waits while the file system opens and reads 2. Ready to handle the next request.
the file. 3. When the file system has opened and read
3. Returns the content to the client. the file, the server returns the content to the
4. Ready to handle the next request. client.

◆ Node.js eliminates the waiting, and simply continues with the next request.
◆ Node.js runs single-threaded, non-blocking, asynchronous programming,
which is very memory efficient.

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Why is Node.js

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What can Node.js do?
• Node.js can generate dynamic page content
• Node.js can create, open, read, write, delete, and close
files on the server
• Node.js can collect form data
• Node.js can add, delete, modify data in your database

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What is a Node.js File?
◆ Node.js files contain tasks that will be executed on certain events
◆ A typical event is someone trying to access a port on the server
◆ Node.js files must be initiated on the server before having any
effect
◆ Node.js files have extension “.js”

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Node Architecture

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Node.js Use Cases
◆ Utilities written in JavaScript for web development:
 Bower, Grunt, Gulp, Yeoman etc.
◆ Server-side Development
 Web server, Business logic, Database access

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Node Package Manager (NPM)
◆ Node package manager (NPM): manages ecosystem of node
modules / packages
◆ A package contains:
 JS files
 package.json (manifest)

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package.json
◆ A package.json file affords you a lot of great things:
 It serves as documentation for what packages your project depends on.
 It allows you to specify the versions of a package that your project can use
using semantic versioning rules.
 Makes your build reproducible, which means that its way easier to share
with other developers.
 Source: https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/using-a-package.json

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Initializing package.json
◆ To initialize a package.json file for your project, type at the prompt
in your project directory:
npm init
 Follow along and answer the prompts to initialize

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 Setting up Node.js and NPM

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Installing Node
◆ To install Node on your machine, go to https://nodejs.org and click on the
Download button. Depending on your computer's platform (Windows,
MacOS or Linux), the appropriate installation package is downloaded

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Verifying the Node Installation
◆ Open a terminal window on your machine. If you are using a Windows
machine, open a cmd window or PowerShell window with admin privileges.
◆ To ensure that your NodeJS setup is working correctly, type the following at
the command prompt to check for the version of Node and NPM

node -v
npm -v

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 Write a simple Node
application in JavaScript

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Write a simple Node application in JavaScript
◆ Go to a convenient location on your computer and create a folder
named NodeJS. Then move to this folder.
◆ Now create a folder named node-examples and then move into
this folder.
◆ At the prompt, type the following to initialize a package.json file in
the node-examples folder:
npm init

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Update the package.json file
◆ Accept the standard defaults suggested and then update the package.json file until you end
up with the file containing the following:
{
"name": "node-examples",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "Simple Node Examples",
"main": "index.js",
"scripts": {
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
"start": "node index"
},
"author": ”FPTU",
"license": "ISC"
}

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Create a file named index.js

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Run Node application
◆ To run the Node application, type the following at the prompt:
npm start

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 Write a simple Node module

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Create a file named rectangle.js
◆ Now, create a file named rectangle.js, and add the following code to it:

◆ Run the Node application like before and observe that the result will be the same.

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 Using Callback and Error
handling in Node applications

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Two Salient Features of JavaScript
◆ First-class functions: A function can be treated the same way as
any other variable
◆ Closures:
 A function defined inside another function has access to all the variables
declared in the outer function (outer scope)
 He inner function will continue to have access to the variables from the outer
scope even after the outer function has returned.

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Asynchronous Programming

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Node, Async I/O and Callbacks

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Event Loop timers: this phase executes callbacks scheduled
•

by setTimeout() and setInterval().

• I/O callbacks: executes almost all callbacks with the
exception of close callbacks, the ones scheduled by
timers, and setImmediate().
• idle, prepare: only used internally.
• poll: retrieve new I/O events; node
• will block here when appropriate.
• check: setImmediate() callbacks are
• invoked here.
• close callbacks:
• e.g. socket.on('close', ...).
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Update rectangle.js file:

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Update index.js file:

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Run the Node application:

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Summary
◆ Understand the basics of Node.js
◆ Understand the download and install Node.js and NPM
◆ Write and run a simple Node application in JavaScript
◆ Understand the basics write simple file-based Node modules
◆ Understand the using Callbacks and Error handling in Node
applications

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