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LESSON 3 M3 The Normal Distribution

The document discusses the normal distribution and its properties, including that it is symmetrical and bell-shaped around the mean, and conforms to the empirical rule where 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the data falls within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations of the mean respectively. Examples are provided of calculating probabilities using the normal distribution for different means and standard deviations.

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Eunice M
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130 views

LESSON 3 M3 The Normal Distribution

The document discusses the normal distribution and its properties, including that it is symmetrical and bell-shaped around the mean, and conforms to the empirical rule where 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the data falls within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations of the mean respectively. Examples are provided of calculating probabilities using the normal distribution for different means and standard deviations.

Uploaded by

Eunice M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Normal Distribution

The Normal Distribution and


Its Properties
Directions: Anticipation-Reaction Guide. Complete the table by
putting check as to AGREE or DISGAREE on the corresponding
columns for the following statements. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
Consider the random event of tossing four
coins once, then follow these steps:
1. List all the possible outcomes using the tree
diagram.
2. Determine the sample space.
3. Determine the possible values of the random
variables.
4. Assign probability values P(X) to each of the
random variable.
5. Construct a probability histogram to describe the
P(X).
Answer the following guide questions:

1. How many possible outcomes are


there?
2. What composes the sample space?
3. How will you describe the
histogram?
The properties that can be observed from the graph of a
normal distribution, also known as Gaussian distribution.

1. The graph is a continuous curve


and has a domain -∞ < X < ∞.
• This means that X may increase
or decrease without bound.
2. The graph is asymptotic to the x-axis.
The value of the variable gets closer and
closer but will never be equal to 0.

• As the x gets larger and larger in the


positive direction, the tail of the curve
approaches but will never touch the
horizontal axis. The same thing when
the x gets larger and larger in the
negative direction.
3. The highest point on the curve
occurs at x = µ (mean).
• The mean (µ) indicates the highest peak of the
curve and is found at the center.
• Take note that the mean is denoted by this
symbol µ and the standard deviation is denoted
by this symbol .
• The median and mode of the distribution are also
found at the center of the graph. This indicates that
in a normal distribution, the mean, median and
mode are equal.
4. The curve is symmetrical about the
mean.
• This means that the
curve will have
balanced proportions
when cut in halves
and the area under
the curve to the right
of mean (50%) is
equal to the area
under the curve to
the left of the mean
(50%)
5. The total area in the normal distribution
under the curve is equal to 1.

• Since the mean divides the


curve into halves, 50% of the
area is to the right and 50% to its
left having a total of 100% or 1.
6. In general, the graph of a normal distribution is a bell-shaped curve with
two inflection points, one on the left and another on the right. Inflection
points are the points that mark the change in the curve’s concavity

• Inflection point is the


point at which a change
in the direction of curve
at mean minus standard
deviation and mean plus
standard deviation.
• Note that each
inflection point of the
normal curve is one
standard deviation
away from the mean.
7. Every normal curve corresponds to the “empirical
rule” (also called the 68 - 95 - 99.7% rule):

• about 68.3% of
the area under
the curve falls
within 1
standard
deviation of the
mean
7. Every normal curve corresponds to the “empirical
rule” (also called the 68 - 95 - 99.7% rule):

• about 95.4% of
the area under
the curve falls
within 2
standard
deviations of the
mean
7. Every normal curve corresponds to the “empirical
rule” (also called the 68 - 95 - 99.7% rule):

• about 99.7% of
the area under
the curve falls
within 3
standard
deviations of the
mean.
Consider the following
examples:
1. Suppose the mean is 60
and the standard deviation
is 5, sketch a normal curve
for the distribution. This is
how it would look like.
1. Suppose the mean is 60 and the standard deviation
is 5, sketch a normal curve for the distribution. This is
how it would look like.
2. A continuous random variable X
is normally distributed with a mean
of 45 and standard deviation of 6.
Illustrate a normal curve and find
the probability of the following:

a. P (39 < X < 51) = 68.3%


2. A continuous random variable X is normally
distributed with a mean of 45 and standard
deviation of 6. Illustrate a normal curve and find
the probability of the following:
a. P (39 < X < 51) = 68.3%
b. P (33 < X < 63) = 97.55%
b. P (33 < X < 63) = 97.55%
c. P (X > 45) = 50%
c. P (X > 45) = 50%

 Since the area covered is half curve.


d. P (X < 39) = 15.85%
d. P (X < 39) = 15.85%
Activity

 A continuous random variable X is


normally distributed with a mean of
56.3 and standard deviation of 7.2.
Illustrate a normal curve and find
its probability.
 P (34.7 < X < 63.5)
P (34.7 < X < 63.5)
PETA 3
Make a sketch for each of the 3 areas
under the normal curve as stated in the
empirical rule. Using a mosaic art, shade
the area that corresponds to the area
under the normal curve. You may use
eggshells, old magazines, dried leaves or
any materials available at home.
The Standard Normal
Distribution
The standard normal distribution,
which is denoted by Z, is also a normal
distribution having a mean of 0 and a
standard deviation of 1. Since the
normal distribution can have different
values for its mean and standard
deviation, it can be standardized by
setting the µ = 0 and the = 1.
Activity 1: Directions: Observe the illustrations then answer
the questions that follow. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.

Figure A Figure B
1. What is the mean?

Figure A: _______________ Figure B: _______________

Figure A Figure B
2. What is the standard deviation?

Figure A: _______________ Figure B: _______________

Figure A Figure B
3. What is the area of the shaded
region?
Figure A: _______________ Figure B: _______________

Figure A Figure B
4. What did you do to identify the
area of the shaded region?
Figure A: _______________ Figure B: _______________

Figure A Figure B
5. Did you use the same
method?
________________________
THE STANDARD
NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
 The standard normal distribution,
which is denoted by Z, is also a normal
distribution having a mean of 0 and a
standard deviation of 1. Since the
normal distribution can have different
values for its mean and standard
deviation, it can be standardized by
setting the µ = 0 and the = 1.
formula used to manually compute
the approximate area.

2
𝑧
1 −
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑒 2

√2 𝜋
The Z Table

 Suppose the z-score is equal to 1.85 locate the area


Other examples are as follow:
1. Find the area that corresponds to z = 2.67
2. Find the area that corresponds to z = 1.29
3. Find the area that corresponds to z = 3
4. Find the area that corresponds to z = - 0.64

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