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Basic Computer Concepts Avi Bhatnagar

This document provides an overview of basic computer concepts. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept data as input, manipulate the data according to programmed instructions, produce output from the processing, and store results for future use. The document describes the main components of a computer including the processor, memory, input devices, output devices, storage devices, and system unit. It also discusses computer software, operating systems, application software, networks, the Internet, the World Wide Web, web browsers, and common uses of computers like email and online shopping.

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Dushyant Raj Singh
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111 views

Basic Computer Concepts Avi Bhatnagar

This document provides an overview of basic computer concepts. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept data as input, manipulate the data according to programmed instructions, produce output from the processing, and store results for future use. The document describes the main components of a computer including the processor, memory, input devices, output devices, storage devices, and system unit. It also discusses computer software, operating systems, application software, networks, the Internet, the World Wide Web, web browsers, and common uses of computers like email and online shopping.

Uploaded by

Dushyant Raj Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRESENTED BY:

AVI BHATNAGAR DUSHYANT RAJ SINGH AYUSH AWASTHI

BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS

WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input), manipulate the data according to specified rules (process), produce information (output) from the processing, and store the results for future use.

WHAT DOES A COMPUTER DO?


Processor
Control Unit/Arithmetic Logic Unit

Input Process Output Storage

Input Devices

Memory

Output Devices

Storage Devices

INPUT DEVICES
Any hardware component that allows you to enter data, programs, commands, and user responses into a computer Input Device Examples
Keyboard Mouse

OUTPUT DEVICES
Output devices make the information resulting from processing available for use Output Device Examples

Printers
Impact
Nonimpact Photo

Display
CRT LCD

Devices

STORAGE DEVICES

Removable Floppy disk, or diskette Compact Disc CD-R, CD-RW, CD-ROM DVDs DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM Zip disk Flash disk/USB drive Non-Removable Hard disk

SYSTEM UNIT
The motherboard, or system board, is the main circuit board of the system unit The processor, also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer The control unit interprets the instructions The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) performs the logical and arithmetic processes Memory, also called random access memory, or RAM, consists of electronic components that store data, instructions, and information, as needed by the processor

COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES
A communication device is a hardware component that enables a computer to send (transmit) and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers Communications occur over transmission media, such as telephone lines, cables, cellular radio networks, and satellites

TYPES OF COMPUTERS
Supercomputers

and Mainframes Microcomputers


Desktops Laptops

(Notebooks) Handhelds

COMPUTER SOFTWARE

System software consists of programs to control the operations of computer equipment Instructions in the operating system tell the computer how to perform the functions of loading, storing, and executing an application program and how to transfer data When a computer is turned on, the operating system is loaded into the computers memory from auxiliary storage, a process called booting Most computers use an operating system that has a graphical user interface (GUI)

OPERATING SYSTEM TASKS

Operations Management Load, store and execute programs Transfer data File Management Files Folder System Maintenance Defragment/Check Disk Virus Check System Monitoring

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Word Processing Spreadsheet Presentation Graphics Database Contact Management Utility Software antivirus, data backup, and file compression

COMPUTER HARDWARE & SOFTWARE

Hardware

Operating System

Software Applications

NETWORKS
A

network is a collection of computers and devices connected together so users can share data and resources A local area network (LAN) connects computers in a limited geographic area A wide area network (WAN) covers a large geographical area

NETWORKS AND THE INTERNET


The worlds largest network is the Internet Most users connect to the Internet in one of two ways:

Internet

service

provider Online service provider

THE WORLD WIDE WEB


One of the more popular segments of the Internet is the World Wide Web, also called the Web. A Web page is a document that contains text, graphics, sound, and/or video and has built-in connections, or hyperlinks to other Web documents A Web site is a related collection of Web pages You access and view Web pages using a software program called a Web browser A Web page has a unique address, called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) A hyperlink is a virtual connection to another place on the Web

MORE INTERNET TERMS


Cookies a text file created by a Web server and your Web browser, that sits on your hard drive Search engine a Web site containing a database of web pages and their content Electronic commerce conducting business online, such as shopping or investing. Portal -- a launching point for browsing online; one of the most well-known is Yahoo!, where you can search the Web, shop, chat, check e-mail, build a Web site,

WEB BROWSERS
Internet Explorer built into Windows Netscape the oldest browser; an allround communications package for the Internet; free at http://www.netscape.com Opera free version available at http://www.opera.com

COMMON APPLICATIONS

E-mail--Send messages to other connected users Shop for goods and services Meet and converse with people around the world
Instant

Messaging, such as ICQ, Windows (MSN) Messenger, and AOL Instant Messenger Web browser plug-ins, such as Macromedia Flash and Shockwave

Access sources of entertainment and leisure, such as online games, magazines, and vacation planning guides Access information such as news, maps, airline schedules, and stock market data Also used for electronic commerce.

THE END

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