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Maths Project

The document discusses trigonometric functions and their graphs. It defines six trigonometric functions - sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant - in terms of ratios of sides of a right triangle. It then discusses the domain, period and range of graphs for each of the six trigonometric functions and their inverse functions.

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Sanjay Jindal
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
50 views

Maths Project

The document discusses trigonometric functions and their graphs. It defines six trigonometric functions - sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant - in terms of ratios of sides of a right triangle. It then discusses the domain, period and range of graphs for each of the six trigonometric functions and their inverse functions.

Uploaded by

Sanjay Jindal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHS PROJECT

SOUMAY JINDAL
CLASS XII-B
GRAPHS OF TRIGNOMETRIC AND INVERSE OF
TRIGNOMETRIC FUNCTIONS WITH THEIR DOMAIN AND
RANGE.
INTRODUCTION
Trignometry is a branch of mathematics concerned with relationships
between angles and ratios of lengths. The field emerged in
the Hellenistic world during the 3rd century BC from applications
of geometry to astronomical studies. The Greeks focused on
the calculation of chords, while mathematicians in India created the
earliest-known tables of values for trigonometric ratios (also
called trigonometric functions) such as sine.
Throughout history, trigonometry has been applied in areas such
as geodesy, surveying, celestial mechanics, and navigation.
Trigonometry is known for its many identities. These trigonometric
identities are commonly used for rewriting trigonometrical
expressions with the aim to simplify an expression, to find a more
useful form of an expression, or to solve an equation.
HISTORY OF TRIGNOMETRY
Early study of triangles can be traced to the 2nd millennium BC, in
Egyptian mathematics (Rhind Mathematical Papyrus) and Babylonian
mathematics. Trigonometry was also prevalent in Kushite mathematics.
Systematic study of trigonometric functions began in Hellenistic
mathematics, reaching India as part of Hellenistic astronomy. In Indian
astronomy, the study of trigonometric functions flourished in the Gupta
period, especially due to Aryabhata (sixth century CE), who discovered
the sine function. During the Middle Ages, the study of trigonometry
continued in Islamic mathematics, by mathematicians such as Al-
Khwarizmi and Abu al-Wafa. It became an independent discipline in the
Islamic world, where all six trigonometric functions were known.
Translations of Arabic and Greek texts led to trigonometry being adopted
as a subject in the Latin West beginning in the Renaissance with
Regiomontanus. The development of modern trigonometry shifted during
the western Age of Enlightenment, beginning with 17th-century
mathematics (Isaac Newton and James Stirling) and reaching its modern
form with Leonhard Euler (1748).
TRIGNOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Trigonometric functions are also known as Circular Functions can be simply defined as the
functions of an angle of a triangle. It means that the relationship between the angles and sides
of a triangle are given by these trig functions. The basic trigonometric functions are sine,
cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant. There are a number of trigonometric formulas
and identities that denotes the relation between the functions and help to find the angles of the
triangle.
The angles of sine, cosine, and tangent are the primary classification of functions of
trigonometry. And the three functions which are cotangent, secant and cosecant can be derived
from the primary functions. Basically, the other three functions are often used as compared to
the primary trigonometric functions. We usually define trigonometry with the help of the right-
angled triangle.
SIX TRIGNOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
SINE FUNCTION:-
Sine function of an angle is the ratio between the opposite side length to that of the
hypotenuse.
Sin a =Opposite/Hypotenuse

COS FUNCTION:-
Cos of an angle is the ratio of the length of the adjacent side to the length of the
hypotenuse. 
Cos a = Adjacent/Hypotenuse

TAN FUNCTION:-
The tangent function is the ratio of the length of the opposite side to that of the
adjacent side. It should be noted that the tan can also be represented in terms of
sine and cos as their ratio.
Tan a = Opposite/Adjacent , Tan a = sin a/cos a
Secant, Cosecant and Cotangent Functions:-
Secant, cosecant (csc) and cotangent are the three additional
functions which are derived from the primary functions of
sine, cos, and tan. The reciprocal of sine, cos, and tan are
cosecant (csc), secant (sec), and cotangent (cot) respectively.
The formula of each of these functions are given as:

Sec a = 1/(cos a) =  Hypotenuse/Adjacent


Cosec a = 1/(sin a) = Hypotenuse/Opposite
Cot a = 1/(tan a) = Adjacent/Opposite
GRAPHS OF TRIGNOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

SINE FUNCTION
DOMAIN:- PERIOD:- RANGE:
(−∞, ∞) 2𝜋 [-1,1]
COSINE FUNCTION

DOMAIN:- PERIOD:- RANGE:-


(−∞, ∞) 2𝜋
TANGENT FUNCTION
DOMAIN:- PERIOD:- RANGE:-
(−∞, ∞) 𝜋 (−∞, ∞)
except for 𝑥 =n/2 ± 𝑛𝜋
COSECANT FUNCTION
DOMAIN:- PERIOD:- RANGE:-
(−∞, ∞) except for 2𝜋 (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞)
𝑥 = ±𝑛𝜋
SECANT FUNCTION
DOMAIN:- PERIOD:- RANGE:-
(−∞, ∞) except for 2𝜋 (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞)
𝑥 = 𝜋/2 ±𝑛𝜋
COTANGENT FUNCTION
DOMAIN:- PERIOD:- RANGE:-
(−∞, ∞) except for 𝜋 (−∞, ∞)
𝑥 = ±𝑛𝜋
GRAPHS OF INVERSE TRIGNOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

INVERSE SINE FUNCTION


DOMAIN:- RANGE:-
[−1,1] [- 𝜋/2, 𝜋/2]
INVERSE COSINE FUNCTION
DOMAIN:- RANGE:-
[−1,1] [0, 𝜋]
INVERSE TANGENT FUNCTION
DOMAIN:- RANGE:-
(−∞, ∞) (-𝜋/2,𝜋/2)
INVERSE COSECANT FUNCTION
DOMAIN:- RANGE:-
(−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞) [-𝜋/2,𝜋/2], 𝑦 ≠ 0
INVERSE SECANT FUNCTION
DOMAIN:- RANGE:-
(−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞) [0, 𝜋], 𝑦 ≠ 𝜋/2
INVERSE COTANGENT FUNCTION
DOMAIN:- RANGE:-
(−∞, ∞) (0, 𝜋)

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