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G9 1st Quarter Lesson 2

This document provides an introduction to quadratic functions. It defines quadratic functions as functions of the second degree where the relation between two quantities is quadratic. The key points are: 1. Quadratic functions can be represented using tables of values, graphs, or equations. The standard form of a quadratic equation is f(x) = ax2 + bx + c. 2. The graph of a quadratic function is a parabola. Properties like the vertex, axis of symmetry, and direction of opening can be determined from the graph. 3. Transforming quadratic functions into vertex form reveals these graphing properties. Quadratic nature can also be identified using the second difference test on tables of values.

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Vener Manlapat
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44 views

G9 1st Quarter Lesson 2

This document provides an introduction to quadratic functions. It defines quadratic functions as functions of the second degree where the relation between two quantities is quadratic. The key points are: 1. Quadratic functions can be represented using tables of values, graphs, or equations. The standard form of a quadratic equation is f(x) = ax2 + bx + c. 2. The graph of a quadratic function is a parabola. Properties like the vertex, axis of symmetry, and direction of opening can be determined from the graph. 3. Transforming quadratic functions into vertex form reveals these graphing properties. Quadratic nature can also be identified using the second difference test on tables of values.

Uploaded by

Vener Manlapat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quadratic

Functions

Prepared by:
Vener s. Manlapat
Learning Competencies
The learner will be able to:
1. Model real-life situations using quadratic functions;
2. Represent a quadratic function using: (a) table of
values, (b) graph, and (c) equations; and
3. Transform a quadratic function defined by into the
form .
Recognizing Quadratic Functions

Not all relations can be described linearly.


Some can be presented as curved graphs.
Here are some models that show nonlinear
relations.
1. The area A of a rectangular lot has a length that is 3 units
longer that twice its width w. In symbols,

2. The distance S (in meters) traveled by freely falling body


after t seconds can be modeled as

3. The mileage M in mi/gal of a car driven at the rate of r mi/h


is
These physical relations have one thing in
common. The two quantities are related
quadratically. The relation is said to be of
the second degree.
A function of the second degree is called a
quadratic function.
Definition of Quadratic Function

A function f is a quadratic function defined


by

Where a, b, and c are real numbers and .


The Standard Form of
Quadratic Functions
A quadratic function can be recognized by its equation.
The equation is referred to as the standard form of the
quadratic function.
The first term is referred to as the quadratic term, the
second term is the linear term, and the third term is the
constant term.
Identify which of the following are
quadratic functions.
The quadratic function can be written in the form by applying the
completing the square.
Vertex Standard form of quadratic function

Form of Regrouping and factoring a


Adding and Subtracting to produce a perfect square

Quadrati trinomial
Factoring the PST and combining the constant terms

c Renaming, where and

Function
s
This form of the quadratic
function is called the vertex form.
Examples
Quiz Time
If a relation is expressed as a set of ordered
pairs or as a table of values, one can
identify whether the relation is a quadratic
function or not. In this case, a method
called second difference test is used.
Second Difference
A relation Test
is a quadratic function if equal
differences in the independent variable produce
nonzero equal second differences in the
function value .
Observe how the Second Difference Test is
applied in the next illustrative examples.
Examples: Determine whether each relation
is a quadratic function or not.

𝐴 ( 𝑥 )= {( 0,3) , ( 1,4) , ( 2,7) , ( 3,12) , ( 4,19) }


Note that as increases uniformly, also increases.
Furthermore, an equal difference of 1 is produced
in . No equal difference is produced in the first
difference in . But an equal difference of 2 is
produced in the difference of the first differences.
This is called the second differences. Hence, the
relation is a quadratic function.
Example
B: 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Note that equal differences in produced equal
second differences in . However, the second
differences are 0. Thus, is not a quadratic
function. In fact, is a linear function since the
equal differences produced equal first
differences.
The illustrative examples show two ways of
recognizing quadratic functions, namely
adherence to the definition of a quadratic
function, and the application of the Second
Difference Test. A third way of recognizing a
quadratic function is through the graph of the
function. Its details are presented in the next
section.
Quiz Time
Graphs of
Quadratic
Functions
Learning
Competencies
The learner will be able to:
1. Graph a quadratic function and determine its (a) domain, (b)
range, (c) intercepts, (d) axis of symmetry, (e) vertex, and (f)
direction of the opening of the parabola;
2. Analyze the effects of changing the values of a, h, and k in the
equation of a quadratic function on its graph;
3. Determine the equation of a quadratic function given its (a) table
of values, (b) graph, and (c) zeroes; and
4. Solve problems involving quadratic functions.
Table of Values
Quadratic functions can be represented in a number of
ways. One way is by its table of values.
Examples: Construct a table of values for each quadratic
function and identify at least five points of the function.
The Parabola
Another way of representing quadratic functions is by its
graph.
Examples:
1. Graph the simplest quadratic function
2. Find the domain and range of each function from its graph.
a.
b.
Quiz Time

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