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Clauses (Time, Concession, Reason, Condition)

The document discusses different types of clauses, including independent clauses that can stand alone as sentences, and dependent clauses that cannot. It covers time clauses that begin with words like after and when, clauses of concession that begin with although or though, and clauses of purpose, result, and reason. Examples are provided to illustrate the different uses of these clause types.

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96 views

Clauses (Time, Concession, Reason, Condition)

The document discusses different types of clauses, including independent clauses that can stand alone as sentences, and dependent clauses that cannot. It covers time clauses that begin with words like after and when, clauses of concession that begin with although or though, and clauses of purpose, result, and reason. Examples are provided to illustrate the different uses of these clause types.

Uploaded by

Anh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Clauses

Subject + verb
Types of clauses
• Independent clauses
Can stand alone as a simple sentence
E.g: It’s raining heavily
My father gave up smoking two years ago.
• Dependent clause
Can’t stand alone as a simple sentence
- Because it’s raining heavily.
- if he was younger.
- when he got up this morning
- although I don’t like playing sports.
Time clauses
• Begin with: after, as, as long as, as soon as, just as, since,
before, by the time, when, while, until, till, the moment that,
whenever…
Eg: As soon as he comes home, he turns on the television
• If the main clause is in the future, the time clause is in
present. We never use will/would in the time clause.
Eg: She will come home when she is ready.
• If the main clause is in the past, the time clause is in the past.
Eg: She started studying maths after she had finished cleaning
the house.
Time clauses
• If: is used for things which may possibly happen. I’ll visit
you if I have free time.
• When: is used for things which are sure to happen. I’ll
visit you when I come back from work.
• By the time: means before, not later than
By the time I got home, my parents had cooked dinner.
• Until: means up to the time when. It is also used with a
negative verb.
They waited until it was dark.
He didn’t leave until he was sure she was safe.
Clauses of Concession
• Begin with: although, even though, though,
despite, in spite of, despite the fact that, in
spite of the fact that, while, but, whereas.
However, Nevertheless.
Clauses of purpose
+ to infinitive: I go to school to study.
+ in order to/so as to: I go to school in order to study.
+ Negative: in order not to/ so as not to + V.
+ so that + S + will/can: She’ll save money so that she can buy an
MP3 player.
+ so that + S + would/could (for past tense): She saved money so
that she could buy an MP3 player.
+ in case + S + V: I’ll buy some cake in case they come.
I bought some cake in case they came.
+ for + noun/ V-ing: A pen is used for writing.
I go to the park for a walk.
Clauses of result
• such + a/an + adjective + singular countable noun + that +
clause
- She is such a good actress that all the audience like her.
• such + a lot of + plural countable noun/ uncountable noun
- She bought such a lot of food that she couldn’t carry all of it.
• such + adjective + plural countable noun/ uncountable noun
- It was such nice weather that we went to the beach.
- They were such interesting people that we talked for ages.
Clauses of result
• so + adjective/adverb
- She is so beautiful that everyone looks at her.
- My sister learns so well that all her classmates admire
her.
• so + many/much/few/little + noun
- She ate so much that she had stomachache.
- He bought so many presents that he couldn’t carry
them all.
- There is so little time left that we can’t finish the work.
Clauses of result
• as a result/therefore + clause
- He didn’t do well in the test. As a
result/therefore, he had to do it again.
Clauses of reason
• as/since/because + clause
- Because there are so many interesting books, I decide to
read them one at a time.
Note: as/since usually comes at the beginning of a
sentence.
- As/since it is my birthday, my family eat out in a fancy
restaurant.
• because of/due to + noun
- Ann is absent from school due to/because of an illness.
- Because of the rain, the football match was cancelled.
1. Concentrate on your exercise………………. make any mistakes.
2. You have to wake up………………… be on time.
3. You have to register……………….participate in the forum.
4. She left work early………………. be at home when he arrives.
5. Ships carry life boats……………the crew can escape when the
ship sinks.
6. I will go to university………………..continue my studies.
7. He exercises regularly …………….be overweight.
8.   You need to edit your writing before you hand it in
…………..you can produce a good essay,.
9. She works hard……………..she can earn a living.
10. These men risk their lives…………………we may live more
safely.
1. He opened the window. He wanted to let  fresh air in.
(in order to)
He opened the window ………………..
2. I took my camera. I wanted to take some photos.(so
that)
I took my camera ……………………….
3. He studied really hard. He didn’t want to fail the exam.
(in order)
He studied really hard …………………………………
4. Jason learns Chinese. His aim is  to work  in China.( to)
Jason learns Chinese ……………………………….
 
5. I’ve collected money. I will buy a new car.(so that)
I’ve collected money …………………………………..
6. Linda turned on the lights. She wanted to see better.
(so that)
Linda turned on the lights …………………………………..
7. I will come with you. I don’t want to stand here
alone.(so as)
I will come with you…………………………..
8. We all put on our coats. We were feeling cold.(so
that)
We all put on our coats …………………………….keep
warm.

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