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Chapter I

This document provides an introduction to engineering mechanics and dynamics. It defines dynamics as the branch of mechanics dealing with motion of bodies under forces. Dynamics has two parts: kinematics, which is the study of motion without forces, and kinetics, which relates forces to motion. The document outlines basic concepts in dynamics like space, time, mass, force, particles, and rigid bodies. It describes the SI and US customary systems of units used and states Newton's three laws of motion. Areas where dynamics is applied are listed. Gravitation and calculations for acceleration due to gravity are also covered.

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18 views

Chapter I

This document provides an introduction to engineering mechanics and dynamics. It defines dynamics as the branch of mechanics dealing with motion of bodies under forces. Dynamics has two parts: kinematics, which is the study of motion without forces, and kinetics, which relates forces to motion. The document outlines basic concepts in dynamics like space, time, mass, force, particles, and rigid bodies. It describes the SI and US customary systems of units used and states Newton's three laws of motion. Areas where dynamics is applied are listed. Gravitation and calculations for acceleration due to gravity are also covered.

Uploaded by

abe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGINEERING

MECHANICS II
(DYNAMICS)
Introduction

• Dynamics is a branch of mechanics which deals with the


motion of bodies under the action of forces.
• The study of dynamics in engineering usually follows the
study of statics, which deals with the action of forces on
bodies at rest.
• Dynamics has two distinct parts:

i. Kinematics

ii. Kinetics

i. Kinematics- which is the study of motion without


reference to the forces which cause motion.

ii. Kinetics- which relates the action of forces on


bodies to their resulting motion.
Basic concepts and terms
Space – the geometric region occupied by bodies.

Time – is a measure of the succession of events and is considered an absolute quantity in


Newtonian mechanics.

Mass – is the quantitative measure of inertia or resistance to change in motion of a body. Mass
can also be defined as the quantity of matter in a body or a property that gives rise to
gravitational attraction.

Force – vector action of one body on another.


Particle – a body of negligible dimensions.

- when the dimension of a body are irrelevant to the


description of its motion or the action of force on it, the
body may be treated as a particle.

Rigid body – is a body whose changes in shape are negligible


compared with the over all dimensions of the body or
with the changes in position of the body as a whole.
System of units

i. SI units

- Mass, time and length are taken as the basic units and the
units for force are derived from Newton’s 2nd law of motion.

ii. US customary units

- The unit for force, time and length are base units and the
units for mass are derived from the second law.
• The four fundamental quantities of mechanics
Quantity SI – units US – units

Mass Kg slug

Time s sec

Length m ft

Force N lb
• The SI system is termed an absolute system since mass is taken

to be an absolute or base quantity.

• The US customary system is termed a gravitational system since

force (as measured from gravitational pull) is taken as a base

quantity.
Newton's Laws of Motion

Law I – A particle remains at rest or continuous to move in a straight line with a


constant velocity if there is no unbalanced force acting on it.

Law II –The acceleration of a particle is proportional to the resultant force acting


on it and is in the direction of this force.

F = ma……………………………………………………..……………………………..…….1.1

Law III –The force of action and reaction between interacting bodies are equal in
magnitude and opposite in direction and collinear.
Area of application of dynamics

 Analysis and design of moving

structures.

 Fixed structure subjected to

shock load.

 Robotic systems

 Automatic control system


Rockets

Missiles and spacecraft

Transportation vehicle

Machinery of all types, such as turbines, pumps, etc.


Gravitation
• Newton states that two particles of masses m1 and m2 at a distance r from each other
attract each other with equal and opposite forces F and - F directed along the line joining
the particles is given by:

………………………………………..…………………………………………………..1.2

Where:

F= the mutual force of attraction between two particles.

G= Universal constant = 6.673x10-11 m2/kg-s2

m1,m2 = the masses of the two particles

r = the distance between the centers of the particles.


• The acceleration due to gravity is derived from combining equation 1.1

and 1.2 ;

……………………………………………………………………………………1.3

Example 1: Determine the acceleration due to gravity at sea level(g) on a


particle m.

Take: radius of earth, R=6,371km and mass of earth,

= 5.976x1024Kg
Note: In almost all engineering problems where
measurements are made on the surface of the earth, the
effects of local vibration are neglected, and 9.81m/s2 in
SI unit is used for the sea level value of g.
Ends
HERE!

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