Chapter Eight

Color and Images

Color is used to differentiate elements in the diagrams so that
the comparative information is read and understood rapidly
and accurately.
 Color visualization techniques increase the amount of
information that can be integrated into the visual message or
picture, and thus create layers of information.
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An image is a picture that has been created or copied and
stored in electronic form. An image can be described in terms
of vector graphics or raster graphics.
 An image stored in raster form is sometimes called a bitmap.
Images containing three color channels, represented in a
certain way, for example RGB Red, Green, Blue or HSI:
Hue, Saturation, and Intensity.
Color in Computer Graphics RGB, CIE
RGB (RED, GREEN, and BLUE) refers to a system for
representing the colors to be used on a computer display.
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Raster Image Files vs Vector Image Files

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Raster Image Files
 Raster images are constructed by a series of pixels, or individual
blocks, to form an image. 
 JPEG, GIF, and PNG are all raster image extensions.
 Every photo you find online or in print is a raster image.
 Pixels have a defined proportion based on their resolution (high or
low), and when the pixels are stretched to fill space they were not
originally intended to fit, they become distorted, resulting in blurry or
unclear images.
 In order to retain pixel quality, you cannot resize raster images
without compromising their resolution. As a result, it is important to
remember to save raster files at the exact dimensions needed for the
application.
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Vector Image Files
 Vector images are far more flexible.
 They are constructed using proportional formulas rather than pixels. 
 EPS, AI and PDF are perfect for creating graphics that require
frequent resizing.
 Your logo and brand graphics should have been created as a vector,
and you should always have a master file on hand.
 The real beauty of vectors lies in their ability to be sized as small as a
postage stamp, or large enough to fit on an 18-wheeler!
 If you're not sure whether you have a vector version of your logo,
here's a little trick for you: Call the company that printed your
business cards or the vendor that embroidered your logo on a shirt.
 Often they'll have a vector file of your logo that they can send to you
for your records.
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Computer graphics 8.1 figure CIE colors 6
Note: The calculation of the CIE chromaticity
coordinates for a given colored object requires
the multiplication of its spectral power at each
wave length times the weighting factor from
each of the three color matching functions.

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 Image Formats and Their Applications:

 There are numerous image file types out there so it can be hard to know
which file type best suits your image needs. Some image types such a TIFF
are great for printing while others, like JPG or PNG, are best for web
graphics.

GIF stands for Graphics Interchange Format – in social media, GIFs are

small animations and video footage
GIF or Graphics Interchange Format files are widely used for web graphics,
because they are limited to only 256 colors, can allow for transparency, and
can be animated. GIF files are typically small is size and are very portable. 

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 Image Formats and Their Applications:

 They also support basic animation, which means they're

a popular file format for memes on social media sites
Compression: Lossless - compression without loss of
quality
Best For: Web Images and logos

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 Image Formats and Their Applications:
 JPEG or JPG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group, with so-

.
called “lossy” compression JPEG, which stands for Joint Photographic
Experts Groups is a “lossy” format meaning that the image is compressed
to make a smaller file.
The compression does create a loss in quality but this loss is generally not
noticeable.
JPEG files are very common on the Internet and JPEG is a popular format for digital
cameras - making it ideal for web use and non-professional prints.
Compression: Lossy - some file information is compressed or lost
Best For: Web Images, Non-Professional Printing, E-Mail, Powerpoint

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Programs that open JPG files
 File Viewer Plus — Get it from Microsoft.
 Microsoft Photos. Included with OS.
 Microsoft Windows Photo Viewer. Included with OS.
 Microsoft OneDrive.
 Microsoft Paint. Included with OS.
 Adobe Photoshop.
 Adobe Photoshop Elements.

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  PNG stands for Portable Network Graphics, with so-
called “lossless” compression.
which means that the image quality was the same before and
after the compression.
 It is a type of raster image file.
 It's particularly popular file type with web designers because
it can handle graphics with transparent or semi-
transparent backgrounds.

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TIFF or Tagged Image File Format are lossless images files
meaning that they do not need to compress or lose any image
quality or information (although there are options
for compression), allowing for very high-quality images but
also larger file sizes.
Compression: Lossless - no compression. Very high-quality
images.
Best For: High quality prints, professional publications,
archival copies

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BMP or Bitmap Image File is a format developed by
Microsoft for Windows.
There is no compression or information loss with BMP files
which allow images to have very high quality, but also very
large file sizes. Due to BMP being a proprietary format, it is
generally recommended to use TIFF files.
Compression: None
Best For: High quality scans, archival copies

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An EPS or Encapsulated PostScript file is a common
vector file type.
EPS files can be opened in many illustration
applications such as Adobe Illustrator or CorelDRAW.
Compression: None - uses vector information
Best For: Vector artwork, illustrations

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RAW images are images that are unprocessed that have been
created by a camera or scanner. Many digital SLR cameras
can shoot in RAW, whether it be a .raw, .cr2, or .nef.
These RAW images are the equivalent of a digital negative,
meaning that they hold a lot of image information, but still
need to be processed in an editor such as Adobe Photoshop
or Lightroom. 
Compression: None 
Best For: Photography

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 THANK YOU!!!

THEND

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