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HTML1

The document provides an overview of HTML, including: - HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language and is used to define the structure and layout of web pages. It uses tags like <h1> and <p> to label different parts of a page. - A basic HTML document structure includes <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> tags, with visible content inside the <body> section. - Common HTML elements include headings, paragraphs, links, and images. Attributes like href and src provide additional information about elements. - HTML documents are displayed by web browsers, which interpret the tags but not display them visually. Nested elements can be placed within other elements.

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Ryan Obligar
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21 views76 pages

HTML1

The document provides an overview of HTML, including: - HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language and is used to define the structure and layout of web pages. It uses tags like <h1> and <p> to label different parts of a page. - A basic HTML document structure includes <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> tags, with visible content inside the <body> section. - Common HTML elements include headings, paragraphs, links, and images. Attributes like href and src provide additional information about elements. - HTML documents are displayed by web browsers, which interpret the tags but not display them visually. Nested elements can be placed within other elements.

Uploaded by

Ryan Obligar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML

Overview

WEB PROGAMMING
WEEK 1

RYAN PAUL A. OBLIGAR


HTML Introduction
What is HTML?
▸ HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
▸ HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
▸ HTML describes the structure of a Web page
▸ HTML consists of a series of elements
▸ HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
▸ HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph", "this is a
link", etc.
A Simple HTML Document
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>
A Simple HTML Document
▸ The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document
▸ The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
▸ The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page
▸ The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's title bar or in
the page's tab)
▸ The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible contents, such as
headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
▸ The <h1> element defines a large heading
▸ The <p> element defines a paragraph
What is an HTML Element?
An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:
<tagname> Content goes here... </tagname>
The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>

Start tag Element content End tag

<h1> My First Heading </h1>

<p> My first paragraph. </p>

<br> none none


Web Browsers
The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML documents and display
them correctly.

A browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses them to determine how to display the document:
HTML Page Structure
The content inside the <body> section (the white
area above) will be displayed in a browser. The
content inside the <title> element will be shown in
the browser's title bar or in the page's tab.
HTML History
Year Version
1989 Tim Berners-Lee invented www
1991 Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML
1993 Dave Raggett drafted HTML+
1995 HTML Working Group defined HTML 2.0
1997 W3C Recommendation: HTML 3.2
1999 W3C Recommendation: HTML 4.01
2000 W3C Recommendation: XHTML 1.0
2008 WHATWG HTML5 First Public Draft
2012 WHATWG HTML5 Living Standard
2014 W3C Recommendation: HTML5
2016 W3C Candidate Recommendation: HTML 5.1
2017 W3C Recommendation: HTML5.1 2nd Edition
2017 W3C Recommendation: HTML5.2
HTML Documents
All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>.

The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.

The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.
HTML Documents
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>
The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to display web pages
correctly.

It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration for HTML5 is:

<!DOCTYPE html>
HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading:

Example
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>
HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:

Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:

Example
<a href="https://www.peysbuk.com">This is a link</a>

The link's destination is specified in the href attribute.

Attributes are used to provide additional information about HTML elements.


HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as attributes:

Example
<img src=“udm.jpg" alt=“udm.com" width="104" height="142">
How to View HTML Source
Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"

View HTML Source Code:


Right-click in an HTML page and select "View Page Source" (in Chrome) or "View Source" (in Edge), or
similar in other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML source code of the page.

Inspect an HTML Element:


Right-click on an element (or a blank area), and choose "Inspect" or "Inspect Element" to see what elements
are made up of (you will see both the HTML and the CSS). You can also edit the HTML or CSS on-the-fly in
the Elements or Styles panel that opens.
HTML Elements
The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

<tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>


Examples of some HTML elements:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>
HTML Elements
Start tag Element content End tag
<h1> My First Heading </h1>
<p> My first paragraph. </p>
<br> none none
Nested HTML Elements
HTML elements can be nested (this means that elements can contain other elements).

All HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

The following example contains four HTML elements (<html>, <body>, <h1> and <p>):
Nested HTML Elements
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>
Nested HTML Elements
The <html> element is the root element and it defines the whole HTML document.

It has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.

Then, inside the <html> element there is a <body> element:

<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
Nested HTML Elements
The <body> element defines the document's body.

It has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.

Then, inside the <body> element there are two other elements: <h1> and <p>:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>
Nested HTML Elements
The <h1> element defines a heading.

It has a start tag <h1> and an end tag </h1>:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


The <p> element defines a paragraph.

It has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>:

<p>My first paragraph.</p>


Never Skip the End Tag
Some HTML elements will display correctly, even if you forget the end tag:

Example
<html>
<body>

<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph

</body>
</html>
Empty HTML Elements
HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.

The <br> tag defines a line break, and is an empty element without a closing tag:

Example
<p>This is a <br> paragraph with a line break.</p>
HTML is Not Case Sensitive
HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>.

The HTML standard does not require lowercase tags, but W3C recommends lowercase in HTML, and
demands lowercase for stricter document types like XHTML.
HTML Tag Reference
W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about these tags and their attributes.

Tag Description
<html> Defines the root of an HTML
document
<body> Defines the document's body
<h1> to <h6> Defines HTML headings
HTML Attributes
HTML attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes
All HTML elements can have attributes
Attributes provide additional information about elements
Attributes are always specified in the start tag
Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value"
HTML Attributes
HTML attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.

HTML Attributes
All HTML elements can have attributes
Attributes provide additional information about elements
Attributes are always specified in the start tag
Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value"
HTML Attributes
The href Attribute
The <a> tag defines a hyperlink. The href attribute specifies the URL of the page the link goes to:

Example
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">Visit W3Schools</a>
HTML Attributes
The src Attribute
The <img> tag is used to embed an image in an HTML page. The src attribute specifies the path to the image
to be displayed:

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg">
HTML Attributes
There are two ways to specify the URL in the src attribute:

1. Absolute URL - Links to an external image that is hosted on another website. Example:
src="https://www.w3schools.com/images/img_girl.jpg".

Notes: External images might be under copyright. If you do not get permission to use it, you may be in
violation of copyright laws. In addition, you cannot control external images; it can suddenly be removed or
changed.

2. Relative URL - Links to an image that is hosted within the website. Here, the URL does not include the
domain name. If the URL begins without a slash, it will be relative to the current page. Example:
src="img_girl.jpg". If the URL begins with a slash, it will be relative to the domain. Example:
src="/images/img_girl.jpg".

Tip: It is almost always best to use relative URLs. They will not break if you change domain.
HTML Attributes
The width and height Attributes
The <img> tag should also contain the width and height attributes, which specify the width and height of the
image (in pixels):

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" width="500" height="600">
HTML Attributes
The alt Attribute
The required alt attribute for the <img> tag specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image for some
reason cannot be displayed. This can be due to a slow connection, or an error in the src attribute, or if the
user uses a screen reader.

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">
HTML Attributes
The alt Attribute
The required alt attribute for the <img> tag specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image for some
reason cannot be displayed. This can be due to a slow connection, or an error in the src attribute, or if the
user uses a screen reader.

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">
HTML Attributes
The style Attribute
The style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size, and more.

Example
<p style="color:red;">This is a red paragraph.</p>
HTML Attributes
The lang Attribute
You should always include the lang attribute inside the <html> tag, to declare the language of the Web page.
This is meant to assist search engines and browsers.

The following example specifies English as the language:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<body>
...
</body>
</html>
HTML Attributes
The lang Attribute
You should always include the lang attribute inside the <html> tag, to declare the language of the Web page.
This is meant to assist search engines and browsers.

The following example specifies English as the language:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<body>
...
</body>
</html>
HTML Attributes
Country codes can also be added to the language code in the lang attribute. So, the first two characters
define the language of the HTML page, and the last two characters define the country.

The following example specifies English as the language and United States as the country:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<body>
...
</body>
</html>
HTML Attributes
The title Attribute
The title attribute defines some extra information about an element.

The value of the title attribute will be displayed as a tooltip when you mouse over the element:

Example
<p title="I'm a tooltip">This is a paragraph.</p>
HTML Attributes
Single or Double Quotes?
Double quotes around attribute values are the most common in HTML, but single quotes can also be used.

In some situations, when the attribute value itself contains double quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes:

<p title='John "ShotGun" Nelson'>


Or vice versa:

<p title="John 'ShotGun' Nelson">


HTML Headings
HTML headings are titles or subtitles that you want to display on a webpage.

Example
Heading 1
Heading 2
Heading 3
Heading 4
Heading 5
Heading 6
HTML Headings
HTML headings are titles or subtitles that you want to display on a webpage.

Example
Heading 1
Heading 2
Heading 3
Heading 4
Heading 5
Heading 6
HTML Headings
HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.

Example
<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<h2>Heading 2</h2>
<h3>Heading 3</h3>
<h4>Heading 4</h4>
<h5>Heading 5</h5>
<h6>Heading 6</h6>
HTML Headings
Headings Are Important
Search engines use the headings to index the structure and content of your web pages.

Users often skim a page by its headings. It is important to use headings to show the document structure.

<h1> headings should be used for main headings, followed by <h2> headings, then the less important <h3>,
and so on.

Note: Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold.
HTML Headings
Bigger Headings
Each HTML heading has a default size. However, you can specify the size for any heading with the style
attribute, using the CSS font-size property:

Example
<h1 style="font-size:60px;">Heading 1</h1>
HTML Headings
HTML Tag Reference

Tag Description
<html> Defines the root of an HTML
document
<body> Defines the document's body
<h1> to <h6> Defines HTML headings
HTML Paragraphs
A paragraph always starts on a new line, and is usually a block of text.

HTML Paragraphs
The HTML <p> element defines a paragraph.

A paragraph always starts on a new line, and browsers automatically add some white space (a margin)
before and after a paragraph.

Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
HTML Paragraphs
HTML Display This paragraph
You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed. contains a lot of lines
in the source code,
Large or small screens, and resized windows will but the browser
create different results. ignores it.
</p>
With HTML, you cannot change the display by
adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML <p>
code. This paragraph
contains a lot of spaces
The browser will automatically remove any extra in the source code,
spaces and lines when the page is displayed: but the browser
ignores it.
Example </p>
<p>
HTML Paragraphs
HTML Horizontal Rules
The <hr> tag defines a thematic break in an HTML page, and is most often displayed as a horizontal rule.

The <hr> element is used to separate content (or define a change) in an HTML page:

Example
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<p>This is some text.</p>
<hr>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<p>This is some other text.</p>
<hr>
HTML Paragraphs
HTML Line Breaks
The HTML <br> element defines a line break.

Use <br> if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:

Example
<p>This is<br>a paragraph<br>with line breaks.</p>
HTML Paragraphs
Solution - The HTML <pre> Element
The HTML <pre> element defines preformatted text.

The text inside a <pre> element is displayed in a fixed-width font (usually Courier), and it preserves both
spaces and line breaks:

Example
<pre>
My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

My Bonnie lies over the sea.

My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.


</pre>
HTML Paragraphs
The Poem Problem
This poem will display on a single line:

Example
<p>
My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

My Bonnie lies over the sea.

My Bonnie lies over the ocean.

Oh, bring back my Bonnie to me.


</p>
HTML Styles
The HTML style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size, and more.

Example
I am Red

I am Blue

I am Big
HTML Styles
Background Color
The CSS background-color property defines the background color for an HTML element.

Example
Set the background color for a page to powderblue:

<body style="background-color:powderblue;">

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
HTML Styles
The HTML Style Attribute
Setting the style of an HTML element, can be done with the style attribute.

The HTML style attribute has the following syntax:

<tagname style="property:value;">
The property is a CSS property. The value is a CSS value.
HTML Styles
Example
Set background color for two different elements:

<body>

<h1 style="background-color:powderblue;">This is a heading</h1>


<p style="background-color:tomato;">This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
HTML Styles
Text Color
The CSS color property defines the text color for an HTML element:

Example
<h1 style="color:blue;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="color:red;">This is a paragraph.</p>
HTML Styles
Fonts
The CSS font-family property defines the font to be used for an HTML element:

Example
<h1 style="font-family:verdana;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="font-family:courier;">This is a paragraph.</p>
HTML Styles
Text Size
The CSS font-size property defines the text size for an HTML element:

Example
<h1 style="font-size:300%;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="font-size:160%;">This is a paragraph.</p>
HTML Styles
Text Alignment
The CSS text-align property defines the horizontal text alignment for an HTML element:

Example
<h1 style="text-align:center;">Centered Heading</h1>
<p style="text-align:center;">Centered paragraph.</p>
HTML Styles
Use the style attribute for styling HTML elements
Use background-color for background color
Use color for text colors
Use font-family for text fonts
Use font-size for text sizes
Use text-align for text alignment
HTML Text Formatting
HTML contains several elements for defining text with a special meaning.

Example

This text is bold


This text is italic
This is subscript and superscript
HTML Text Formatting
HTML Formatting Elements
Formatting elements were designed to display special types of text:

<b> - Bold text


<strong> - Important text
<i> - Italic text
<em> - Emphasized text
<mark> - Marked text
<small> - Smaller text
<del> - Deleted text
<ins> - Inserted text
<sub> - Subscript text
<sup> - Superscript text
HTML Text Formatting
HTML <b> and <strong> Elements
The HTML <b> element defines bold text, without any extra importance.

Example
<b>This text is bold</b>
HTML Text Formatting
The HTML <strong> element defines text with strong importance. The content inside is typically displayed
in bold.

Example
<strong>This text is important!</strong>
HTML Text Formatting
HTML <i> and <em> Elements
The HTML <i> element defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood. The content inside is typically
displayed in italic.

Tip: The <i> tag is often used to indicate a technical term, a phrase from another language, a thought, a ship
name, etc.

Example
<i>This text is italic</i>
HTML Text Formatting
The HTML <em> element defines emphasized text. The content inside is typically displayed in italic.

Tip: A screen reader will pronounce the words in <em> with an emphasis, using verbal stress.

Example
<em>This text is emphasized</em>
HTML Text Formatting
HTML <small> Element
The HTML <small> element defines smaller text:

Example
<small>This is some smaller text.</small>
HTML Text Formatting
HTML <mark> Element
The HTML <mark> element defines text that should be marked or highlighted:

Example
<p>Do not forget to buy <mark>milk</mark> today.</p>
HTML Text Formatting
HTML <del> Element
The HTML <del> element defines text that has been deleted from a document. Browsers will usually strike a
line through deleted text:

Example
<p>My favorite color is <del>blue</del> red.</p>
HTML Text Formatting
HTML <ins> Element
The HTML <ins> element defines a text that has been inserted into a document. Browsers will usually
underline inserted text:

Example
<p>My favorite color is <del>blue</del> <ins>red</ins>.</p>
HTML Text Formatting
HTML <sub> Element
The HTML <sub> element defines subscript text. Subscript text appears half a character below the normal
line, and is sometimes rendered in a smaller font. Subscript text can be used for chemical formulas, like
H2O:

Example
<p>This is <sub>subscripted</sub> text.</p>
HTML Text Formatting
HTML <sup> Element
The HTML <sup> element defines superscript text. Superscript text appears half a character above the
normal line, and is sometimes rendered in a smaller font. Superscript text can be used for footnotes, like
WWW[1]:

Example
<p>This is <sup>superscripted</sup> text.</p>
End of Week 1
Learn more and
Keep Safe!

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