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SERIAL
NO. NAME ID NO.

1 Mehrun Nacha (Leader) 12106033

2 Ashikur Rahman Fahim 12106001
3 Juthi Akter 12106006
Group 4 Sayedul Islam 12106007
Members 5 Doli Mazumder 12106013
6 Wasib Haider Chowdhury 12106023
7 Atikur Rahman Arif 12106029
8 Jubayer Mohammad 12106041
9 Mst. Rizu Akter 12106057
10 Md. Shamim Ahmed 12006062
Presentation on

Business Collection Of Presentation

Statistics Data of Data
Ashikur Rahman Fahim

ID: 12106001
 • Numerical and Defined Expression of Fact.
• Simple and Condensed Presentation of facts.
• To Provide Techniques For Making
Comparison.
• Establishment of Relationship between facts.
Functions of Statistics: • Enlargement of individual Knowledge and
Experience.
• Helpful in Formulation of Policies.
• Formulates and Test Hypothesis
• Helpful in Forecasting
Juthi Akter

ID: 12106006
LIMITATIONS OF STATISTICS

Statistics
does not Results
Qualitativ Statistics
deal with are true
e Aspect can be
individual only on
Ignored misused
measurem average
ents
Distrust of statistics

1.Figures are
convincing

manipulated

Reader misled for

misrepresentation
Sayedul Islam

ID: 12106007
 Collection of data
Data make the foundation of statistical
analysis and interpretation.The first
step in statistical work is to collect
data.we can be obtained data from
three sources.
 Important
Sources of
Data :

Secondary
Internal data Primary data
data
There are two basic methods of obtaining primary data :

1.Questioning 1.Observation
Questionnaire will be two types:

Structured Unstructured
questionnaire questionnaire
Doli Mazumder

ID: 12106013
Editing Primary For editing Primary Data, the following points should have
taken into consideration:
Data • Completeness
• Accuracy
• Consistency
Presentation of Data

Introduction
When unstructured data is presented in an
organized and tabular form, it is called a
presentation of data. Presentation of data
has been divided into three main parts:
1. Classification of data
2. Tabulation of data and
3. Charting of data
 The following examples of the number of marks obtained by
Formation of 10 students in accounting .
frequency 40, 63, 78, 58, 90, 85, 78, 58, 85, 78
distribution:

Frequency no. Of
Number of mark Tally bar mark
40 | 1
58 || 2
63 | 1
78 ||| 3
85 || 2
90 | 1
Wasib Haider Chowdhury

ID: 12106023
Classification According to class interval

01 02 03 04
1. Class limit 2. Class 3.Class 4.Class mid-
intervals Frequency point
• Exclusive Method
• Inclusive Method
Principles Of
Classification
1. The number of classes should preferably
be between 5 & 15.
2. Avoid odd values of class-intervals.
3. The starting point.
4. Adapt exclusive method.
5. Same size classes.
Charting Data
• Two types of charting
1. Diagrams
2. Graphs
Atikur Rahman Arif

ID: 12106029
 What is diagram?
A diagram is a visual form for presentation of
statistical data. Diagram refers to the various types
of devices such as bars, circles, maps, pictorials,
cartograms, etc.

Types of diagrams

Different types
of diagram are
as follows:

One
Two Three
Dimensional
Dimensional Dimensional
Diagram or Bar
Diagram Diagrams
Diagram
 One dimensional diagrams: These are the
diagrams in which only length is taken into
account. These are of equal width and of equal
space in between them.
  Two Dimensional diagrams: These types of
diagrams are based on the area which depends
Each of upon the length and breadth both.they are of
these types the forms of squares, rectangles, circles etc.

is Three dimensional diagrams: These diagrams

are based on three dimensions,length, bread
discussed and thickness.They are of the form of cubes,
below in blocks and cylinders.
detail:
Pie diagram :

A Pie diagram is a graph that displays the

data in a circular format. It is a type of
pictorial representation of data that shows
the relative sizes of the slices of pie. It
requires both categorical and numerical
variables for a Pie Chart to work.
Limitation of pie
diagrams

• Limited Information - Diagrams provide limited and

approximate information. For precise information,
one has to refer to the original statistical tables.
 
• Lack of Further Analysis - Diagrams cannot be further
analysed.
 
• They can be used only for comparative studies - A
single diagram is not of much significance.
Jubayer Mohammad

ID: 12106041
Pictogram

Pictograms are written

symbols or images used to
represent a subject or idea
Cartograms
A cartogram is a
presentation style in
which a map is used to
represent a pattern, but
the size and volume of
the map is changed so
that the data present is
visible. 
Histogram

Histogram is a
graphical
representation
used to display
data from a file.
Frequency
Polygon
A frequency
polygon looks like
a line and is a
mixed element in
a histogram
Smoothed frequency curve

 A smoothed frequency
curve is the creation of a
spectrum frequency curve
or graph of calculated
numbers from all values ​of
a component.
Cumulative
Frequency Curve
A cumulative
frequency curve is a
graphical tool for
calculating a number
by relating it to all its
associated frequency
values. 
Mst. Rizu Akter

ID: 12106057
Pre-Testing The Questionnaire
The researchers should examine each question with
jaundiced eye to assure that, the question is not confusing or
ambiguous, potentially offensive to the respondent, leading
to biased responses. For real assesment of a questionnaire,
the pre-test is vital.

Some advantages of pre-testing the

questionnaire are:-
● The investigator can find out what are
the shortcomings of the questionnaire
● An idea can be formed about the extent
of nonresponse likely to take place
● Greater co-operations of the informants
can be secured