TOPIC 5:PROCESS OF MEASUREMENT

SYSTEM AND IMPROVEMENT AND

SIX SIGMA

•Learning Objectives:
• Process Improvement Methodologies
b. Six Sigma
c. Implementing Six Sigma
d. Using the DMAIC Process
e. Learn Tools for Process Improvements

•By: Rhea Joy Sevilla

 PROCESS IMPROVEMENT
METHODOLOGIES

Business process
improvements are
methodologies in which a
Problem-solving techniques
team evaluates their current
used by project managers to
processes and adapts them
identify inefficiencies and
with the intent to increase
make necessary
productivity, streamline
improvements to workflows.
workflows, adapt to
changing business needs, or
increase profitability
 7 TYPES OF PROCESS
IMPROVEMENT METHODOLOGIES

TOTAL QUALITY
MANAGEMENT
-is a customer-focused method that
involves continuous improvement over
time. This technique is often used in
supply chain management and customer
satisfaction projects
7 TYPES OF PROCESS
IMPROVEMENT
METHODOLOGIES

Lean manufacturing
Lean manufacturing is
a methodology that
focuses on minimizing
waste within
manufacturing systems
while simultaneously
maximizing productivity
 7 TYPES OF PROCESS
IMPROVEMENT
METHODOLOGIES
•Continuous
improvement (kaizen)
-The word "kaizen" is a Japanese
word meaning "change for the better."
In English, kaizen translates to
"improvement" and encompasses both
short- and long-term improvement
processes
7 TYPES OF PROCESS
IMPROVEMENT
METHODOLOGIES
•Plan Do Check Act (PDCA)
The PDCA/PDSA cycle is a
continuous loop of planning, doing,
checking (or studying), and acting. It
provides a simple and effective
approach for solving problems and
managing change. The model is
useful for testing improvement
measures on a small scale before
updating procedures and working
practices
7 TYPES OF PROCESS
IMPROVEMENT
METHODOLOGIES
•Whys analysis
-
The 5 Whys analysis is a
process improvement
technique used to identify
the root cause of a
problem. The 5 Whys
analysis aims to identify
the issues within a process,
but not human error.
7 TYPES OF PROCESS
IMPROVEMENT
METHODOLOGIES
•Business process management (BPM
-Business process management, or BPM,
is the act of analyzing and improving business
processes.

• Model – Identify, define and create a representation of the

complete process so it can be easily understood and
communicated
• Execute – Based on the model, develop and implement the
process in a manner in which it can be repeatably performed.
Apply automation if possible
• Control – Ensure the process is consistently followed
• Monitor – Collect meaningful and measurable data to
determine the effectiveness of the process in delivering the
expected value and benefits
• Optimize – Use the data collected through monitoring and
feed back into the modeling, to determine if further process
improvements can be made
 7 TYPES OF PROCESS
IMPROVEMENT METHODOLOGIES

Six Sigma Methodology

- Six Sigma is a customer-focused, data-driven

methodology that is widely used to analyze and
improve the performance of processes, products,
and services
SIX SIGMA ADVANTAGES
Eradication of
Customer Satisfaction Variation and Waste
from The Process

Effective Time
Workforce Motivation
Management

Advancement in Career . Inculcates Leadership

Promotes a Healthy
Strategic Planning
Company Culture
SIX SIGMA DISADVANTAGES
Only about 25% of trained people are really using
method

Seems to be longer time taking method.

Only 1 man cannot do changes

It can increase costs by overusing

Seeking perfection 
DMADV 

• DMADV is a Six Sigma

framework that focuses on
the development of a new
product, service, or
process. It is an acronym
for the five phases of
DMADV: define,
measure, analyze, design,
and verify
DMAIC 

• Define the problem, output to

be improved, customers, and
process associated with the
problem. Measure. Collect data
from the process to establish a
baseline for the improvements.
Analyze. Analyze the data to
find the root causes of defects
PROCESS
IMPROVEMENT
TOOLS
• are techniques and
methods to be used by
organizations that will
drive improvements in
quality and
performance, targeting
the processes of a
business
 PROCESS MAPPING/
FLOWCHART
• Process mapping visually represents a workflow,
allowing team to understand a process and its
components more clearly.
• Process mapping is a graphical representation
with descriptions of how things get done. It
helps the participants to see the details of the
process closely, and it guides them in decision-
making
• Flowcharting is one of the best tools for
documenting and understanding various processes
in an organization. This tool allows for a detailed
breakdown of processes to activities and events, as
well as describing logical relationships
 PROCESS BASELINING AND
PROCESS COMPARISONS
• • Building Baseline – Create a clear business or
organizational baseline. creating a process baseline that is
predictive.
• Classifying Baseline – Determine all the organizations that
might be compared for performance.
• Do Comparison – Observe how organizational baselines
compare. Comparisons should be made statistically; e.g., a
hypothesis of equality of means for a process-output
response
•  Determine Baseline Differences – Identify the reasons for
differences in performance. This understanding can help
an organization make adjustments to their process so that
performance improves.
VALUE-STREAM
MAPPING
• Value stream mapping provides a
picture of work flow and
information flow in an end-to-end
process. One can evaluate a
current state and propose a future
state that reduces organizational
waste; i.e., transport, inventory,
motion, waiting, over production,
over processing, and defects
CAUSE AND
EFFECT ANALYSIS
• Problems can often be resolved by first
exploring all possible causes. A cause-and-
effect analysis approach provides a
structure for this assessment, which
involves the consideration of six areas or
causes that can contribute to a
characteristic response or effect: materials,
machine, method, personnel, measurement
and environment.
HYPOTHESIS
TESTING
• Hypothesis testing consists of a null hypothesis and alternative
hypothesis where, for example, a null hypothesis indicates
equality between two process outputs and an alternative
hypothesis indicates non-equality. 

• Null Hypothesis – Hypothesis testing is carried

out in order to test the validity of a claim or
assumption that is made about the larger
population. This claim that involves attributes
to the trial is known as the Null Hypothesis.
The null hypothesis testing is denoted by H0.
• Alternative Hypothesis – An alternative
hypothesis would be considered valid if the
null hypothesis is fallacious. The evidence
that is present in the trial is basically the data
and the statistical computations that
accompany it. The alternative hypothesis
testing is denoted by H1or Ha.
7 TYPES OF PROCESS IMPROVEMENT METHODOLOGIES
 SOURCES
• https://www.fogwing.io/mes-software/lean-
manufacturing/
• https://asq.org/quality-resources/six-sigma
• https://data-flair.training/blogs/hypothesis-t
esting-in-r/
• https://www.seguetech.com/what-is-bpm/
• https://www.reliableplant.com/Read/
10818/kaizen-lean-manufacturing