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07 - Complex Numbers - Logarithms of Complex Numbers

Logarithms of complex numbers are defined as any complex number w such that ew = z, where z is a non-zero complex number. [1] Since complex numbers have infinitely many logarithms, the complex logarithm is a multi-valued function rather than a single-valued one. [2] The principal value of the logarithm log(x + iy) is defined as logr + i(θ + 2nπ) where r and θ are the modulus and argument of x + iy. [3] The general value is written as Log(x + iy) and allows θ to take on any real value.

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22 views

07 - Complex Numbers - Logarithms of Complex Numbers

Logarithms of complex numbers are defined as any complex number w such that ew = z, where z is a non-zero complex number. [1] Since complex numbers have infinitely many logarithms, the complex logarithm is a multi-valued function rather than a single-valued one. [2] The principal value of the logarithm log(x + iy) is defined as logr + i(θ + 2nπ) where r and θ are the modulus and argument of x + iy. [3] The general value is written as Log(x + iy) and allows θ to take on any real value.

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62Aniket Vishwakarma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LOGARITHMS OF

COMPLEX
NUMBERS

UNIT I SECTION:COMPLEX NUMBERS LECTURE 07


Introduction

Logarithms of Complex Numbers


● Principal Value
Overview ● General Value

Problems Based On Logarithms Of


Complex Numbers
1.Introduction
● In complex analysis, a complex
logarithm of the non-zero complex
number z, denoted by  w = log z, is
defined to be any complex number
w for which e w = z.
● Since any nonzero complex number
has infinitely many complex
logarithms the complex logarithm
cannot be defined to be a single-
A single branch of the complex logarithm. The hue
valued function on the complex
 of the color is used to show the arg (polar
numbers, but only as a 
coordinate angle) of the complex logarithm. The
multivalued function. saturation and value (intensity and brightness) of
the color is used to show the modulus of the
complex logarithm.
Logarithms of Complex Numbers
Let and also let and .
Hence,

.
.

This is called principal value of log (x+iy )


General Value
The general value of log (x + iy ) is denoted by Log (x + iy ) and is
given by
Log (x + iy ) = log r + i ( 2n

Log (x + iy ) = log + i ( 2n

Corollary: put x =0 and y =1 in principal value


we get
log i = i /2
Caution: ,
only when x and y are both positive.
In any other case is to be determined from
x= r cos ,
y = r sin
1.Find Log(-3)

Solution:Let -3= x +iy = r ( cos +i sin

-3=x , y=0 = 3
Formula Used

Log (x + iy ) = log r + i ( 2n
where
and .

Log (x + iy ) = log + i ( 2n
Formula Used
2.
Log (x + iy ) = log r + i ( 2n
where
and .

Log (x + iy ) = log + i ( 2n
Corollary: put x =0 and y =1 in principal
value
we get
log i = i /2
3.
(i)
2

(i)

(ii)

1 log

(By de Moivre’s thm)


log

3
4.Separate into real and imaginary
parts
Raise to ‘e’ on both sides
Solution:
Let

Real Part =

Imaginary Part =
5.Find the principal value of and
show that its real part is

Solution:
Let

&

⟹
Find the principal value of

Solution: 1

=
THANK YOU

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