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Classification of Sensors

The document discusses sensor classification according to different criteria. It describes how sensors can be classified based on their power requirements as either active sensors, which require a power supply, or passive sensors, which do not. Sensors are also classified by their measurement objective, such as temperature, pressure, level, displacement, flow, speed, and biosensors. Finally, the document outlines the main principles of operation for sensors, including resistive, capacitive, inductive and ultrasonic sensors.

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Muhammad rehman
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1K views25 pages

Classification of Sensors

The document discusses sensor classification according to different criteria. It describes how sensors can be classified based on their power requirements as either active sensors, which require a power supply, or passive sensors, which do not. Sensors are also classified by their measurement objective, such as temperature, pressure, level, displacement, flow, speed, and biosensors. Finally, the document outlines the main principles of operation for sensors, including resistive, capacitive, inductive and ultrasonic sensors.

Uploaded by

Muhammad rehman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SENSOR AND TESTING

TECHNOLOGY
A LECTURE SERIES BY ENGR. ABDUL REHMAN MIRZA
SENSOR CLASSIFICATION

SENSOR
 A DEVICE WHICH DETECTS
OR MEASURES A PHYSICAL
PROPERTY AND RECORDS,
INDICATES AND RESPONDS
TO IT.
SENSOR CLASSIFICATION

SENSORS ARE CLASSIFIED


ACCORDING TO:
1. POWER OR ENERGY
SUPPLY REQUIREMENT
OF THE SENSORS
2. MEASUREMENT
OBJECTIVE
3. PRINCIPLE OF
OPERATION
4. OUTPUT SIGNAL
SENSOR CLASSIFICATION

SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE


POWER OR ENERGY SUPPLY REQUIREMENT OF THE
SENSOR
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE
POWER OR ENERGY SUPPLY REQUIREMENT OF THE SENSOR

ACTIVE SENSORS
SENSORS THAT REQUIRE POWER
SUPPLY ARE CALLED AS ACTIVE
SENSORS
EXAMPLE
 LIDAR (LIGHT DETECTION AND
RANGING)
 PHOTOCONDUCTIVE CELL
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE
POWER OR ENERGY SUPPLY REQUIREMENT OF THE SENSOR

ACTIVE SENSORS
SENSORS THAT REQUIRE POWER
SUPPLY ARE CALLED ACTIVE
SENSORS
EXAMPLE
 LIDAR (LIGHT DETECTION AND
RANGING)
 PHOTOCONDUCTIVE CELL
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE
POWER OR ENERGY SUPPLY REQUIREMENT OF THE SENSOR

PASSIVE SENSORS
SENSORS THAT DO NOT REQUIRE
POWER SUPPLY ARE CALLED
PASSIVE SENSORS
EXAMPLE
 THERMOMETER
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE
POWER OR ENERGY SUPPLY REQUIREMENT OF THE SENSOR

ANALOG SENSORS
ANALOG SENSOR PRODUCE
CONTINUOUS SIGNALS THAT
ARE PROPORTIONAL TO THE
SENSED PARAMETER
EXAMPLE
 A BICYCLE SPEEDOMETER
OR AN ANALOG
TACHOMETER
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE
POWER OR ENERGY SUPPLY REQUIREMENT OF THE SENSOR

DIGITAL SENSORS
DIGITAL SENSOR PRODUCE
DIGITAL OUTPUTS THAT CAN
BE DIRECTLY INTERFACED
WITH THE DIGITAL
CONTROLLER.
EXAMPLE
 DIGITAL TACHOMETER ETC
SENSOR CLASSIFICATION

SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE


MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVE
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE
MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVE

TEMPERATURE SENSOR
A DEVICE WHICH GIVES TEMPERATURE
MEASUREMENT AS AN ELECTRICAL
SIGNAL IS CALLED A TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
EXAMPLE
THERMISTORS
THERMOCOUPLES
APPLICATIONS
DIGITAL THERMOMETER
BOILER
FURNACES
GAS TURBINE
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE
MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVE

PRESSURE SENSOR
A PRESSURE SENSOR MEASURES PRESSURE,
TYPICALLY OF GASES OR LIQUIDS.
A PRESSURE SENSOR USUALLY ACTS AS A
TRANSDUCER; IT GENERATES A SIGNAL AS
A FUNCTION OF THE PRESSURE IMPOSED.
SUCH A SIGNAL IS ELECTRICAL
EXAMPLE
BAROMETER
PIEZO RESISTIVE PRESSURE SENSOR ETC
APPLICATIONS
BOILER
GAS TURBINE
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE
MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVE

LEVEL SENSOR
Level Sensors detect the level of liquids in
the tank or container.
EXAMPLE
Magnetic and Mechanical Float,
Pressure Transducer
Pneumatic Capacitance
Load Cell etc
APPLICATIONS
Oil-Water Tank
Boiler
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE
MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVE

DISPLACEMENT SENSOR
Displacement sensor is used to measure
the distance and position
EXAMPLE
Capacitive Sensor
Eddy Current Sensor
Inductive Sensor (LVDT) and etc
APPLICATIONS
Various Industrial Applications,
Robotics etc
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE
MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVE

FLOW SENSOR
A flow sensor is a device for sensing the rate
of fluid flow. Typically a flow sensor is the
sensing element used in a flow meter.
EXAMPLE
Velocimeters
Laser-Based Sensor
Hall Effect Sensors
Thermal Mass Flow meter etc
APPLICATIONS
Used for measuring the flow rate.
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE
MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVE

SPEED SENSOR
Sensors used for detecting speed of an object
or vehicle is called a speed sensor
EXAMPLE
Wheel Speed Sensors
Speedometers
LIDAR
Ground Speed Radar
Radar
APPLICATIONS
Vehicles
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE
MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVE

BIOSENSORS
A biosensor is an analytical device,
used for the detection of an analyte,
that combines a biological
component with a physicochemical
detector
APPLICATIONS
Blood Glucose Biosensor etc
SENSOR CLASSIFICATION

SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE


OPERATION
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

ALL SENSORS OPERATE ON THE


FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES:
1. RESISTIVE SENSORS
2. CAPACITI VE SENSORS
3. INDUCTIVE SENSORS
4. ULTRASONIC SENSORS
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

RESISTIVE SENSORS
A RESISTIVE SENSOR IS A
TRANSDUCER OR AN
ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICE THAT
CONVERTS A MECHANICAL CHANGE
(SUCH AS DISPLACEMENT) INTO AN
ELECTRICAL SIGNAL THAT CAN BE
MONITORED AFTER CONDITIONING.
RESISTIVE SENSORS ARE AMONG THE
MOST COMMON IN INSTRUMENTATION
EXAMPLE
POTENTIOMETER, STRAIN GAUGES,
THERMISTOR ETC
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

CAPACITIVE SENSORS
A CAPACITIVE SENSOR GENERATES
AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL
ACCORDING TO THE INPUT
CAPACITIVE SENSORS CAN
DIRECTLY SENSE A VARIETY OF
THINGS: MOTION, CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION, ELECTRIC FIELD
ETC.
IT CAN SENSE MANY OTHER
VARIABLES AND CONVERT INTO
MOTION OR DIELECTRIC CONSTANT,
SUCH AS PRESSURE,
ACCELERATION, FLUID LEVEL AND
FLUID COMPOSITION.
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

INDUCTIVE SENSORS
A PROXIMITY (INDUCTIVE)
SENSOR IS AN ALECTRONIC
SENSOR, WHICH DETECTS
METALLIC, OR ANY OTHER
OBJECTS, WITHOUT TOUCHING
THEM,
APPLICATION
METAL DETECTOR, TRAFFIC
LIGHTS, CAR WASHES ETC.
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

ULTRASONIC SENSORS
ULTRASONIC SENSORS WORK ON
A PRINCIPLE SIMILAR TO RADAR
OR SONAR, WHICH EVALUATE
ATTRIBUTES OF A TAGET BY
INTERPRETING THE ECHOES
FROM RADIO OR SOUND WAVES
RESPECTIVELY
APPLICATION
INDUSTRIAL USED (NDT),
IN SHIPS ETC.
SENSORS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

LIGHT SENSORS
A LIGHT SENSOR HELPS TO DETECT
THE AMBIENT LIGHT LEVEL.
EXAMPLE
PHOTORESISTORS
PHOTODIODES
PHOTOTRANSISTORS
APPLICATION
CRO
CAMERAS
MOBILE PHONES
THANK YOU

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