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Cell Modification

The document discusses different types of cell modification including apical, basal, and lateral modifications. It defines each type and provides examples such as cilia, flagella, microvilli, hemidesmosomes, tight junctions, adhering junctions, and gap junctions. The modifications allow cells to perform specialized functions through changes in their structure and formation of cell junctions between adjacent cells.

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Ignacio, Moira Jomille K.
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© © All Rights Reserved
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346 views

Cell Modification

The document discusses different types of cell modification including apical, basal, and lateral modifications. It defines each type and provides examples such as cilia, flagella, microvilli, hemidesmosomes, tight junctions, adhering junctions, and gap junctions. The modifications allow cells to perform specialized functions through changes in their structure and formation of cell junctions between adjacent cells.

Uploaded by

Ignacio, Moira Jomille K.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lord, we offer to you our class today.

We
pray that through your Divine Guidance,
we would learn how to listen attentively to
the inputs of our teacher. May we
appreciate her effort in imparting her
knowledge to us.
AMEN
Module 5
Cell
Modification
Learning Objectives:
1. Explain cell modification
2. Differentiate the three types of cell modification: apical, basal
and lateral cell modification;
3. Draw an examples of cell modification
4. Know the importance of cell modification in the adaptation of
the cell to survive
What is cell modification?
 Cell Modification or specialized cell is the change on the structure of a cell
to carry out specialized function.

 Cell specialization (or modification or differentiation) is actually a process


that occurs after cell division where the newly formed cells are
structurally modified so that they can perform their function efficiently
and effectively.
3 Types of Cell Modification

1.Apical Modification
2.Basal Modification
3.Lateral Modification
Apical Modification

Cell Modification found on the


apical surface of the cell

Functions:
• absorption
• secretion
• locomotion
Apical Modification
Examples of Apical Modification are the ff:

1. Cilia
2. Flagella
3. Microvilli
4. Pseudopods
Apical Modification
Cilium or Cilia (plural)
Cilia are small hair-like
protuberances on the outside of
eukaryotic cells. They are primarily
responsible for locomotion, either of
the cell itself or of fluids on the cell
surface. 
Apical Modification
Cilia

Some cilia functions to move


materials just like in our lungs.
It keeps our airways free from
dirt and mucus.
Apical Modification
Cilium or Cilia (plural)
Some unicellular organisms use
cilia for locomotion like
protozoans called paramecium.
Apical Modification
2 Types of Cilia

1. Motile cilia – Motile cilia grow


in clusters e.g. the cells in the
bronchial epithelium
2. Non motile cilia or primary
cilia - primary cilia grow as a
single cilium e.g. those on the
embryonic node
Apical Modification
Flagellum/ Flagella ( plural)
hairlike structure that acts
primarily as an organelle of
locomotion in the cells of
many living organisms. 
Apical Modification

• Cilia are usually short, hairlike


structures that move in waves.
• Flagella are long whiplike
structures.
• Formed from microtubules
Apical Modification
villi and microvilli
 Villi are finger-like projections that arise
from the epithelial layer in some organs.
They help to increase surface area
allowing for faster and more efficient
adsorption.
 Microvilli are smaller projections that
arise from the cell’s surface that also
increase surface area allowing faster and
more efficient absorption.
Apical Modification

villi and microvilli


Apical Modification
pseudopods
• Pseudopod comes from the Greek
words pseudes and podos,
meaning “false” and “feet”
respectively.
• It is a temporary arm-like
projection of a eukaryotic cell
membrane that are developed in
the direction of movement. 
Basal Modification
Cell modification found
on the basal surface of
the cell ( ex. Epithelial
cell)
Basal Modification
Cell modification found
on the basal surface of
the cell ( ex. Epithelial
cell)
Basal Modification
Hemidesmosomes
 Anchoring junction on the basal surface
of the cell
 Rivet-like links between cytoskeleton
and extracellular matrix components
such as the basal lamina that underlie
epithelia
 Primarily composed of keratin, integrins
and cadherins
Basal Modification
Lateral Modification/ Cell Junctions
• Cell junctions are specialized structure that serves as
intercellular connection between two adjacent cells.
• Cell modification found on the basal surface of the cell

3 Types of Cell Junction


1. Tight Junction
2. Adhering Junction
3. Gap Junction
Lateral Modification/ Cell Junctions
Tight Junction

• Tight junctions held two


adjacent cell tightly.
• It functions to prevent
leakage of materials between
cells.
• It act as a water seal.
Lateral Modification/ Cell Junctions
Tight Junction

• It is usually found in the


epithelial lining.
• Tight junction in the
epithelial lining in your
urinary bladder that prevent
the urine from leaking.
Lateral Modification/ Cell Junctions
Adhering Junction
• Anchoring junction on the
lateral surface of the cell
• Are specialized structure
that fastens the cell together
• It provides a strong
mechanical attachment to
adjacent cell
Lateral Modification/ Cell Junctions
Gap Junction
• Also known as communicating
junctions
• Closable channels that connect
the cytoplasm of adjoining animal
cells.
Cell Junctions

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