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"At The Beginning There Was Nothing, Then Came Internet ": Babu Melepuram Sr. Lecturer

The document discusses the origins and basic components of the internet. It describes how the internet began as a US Department of Defense project in 1960 and later expanded. The key components covered include IP addresses, domain names, web browsers, web servers, URLs, HTTP, and some basic internet security concepts. Domain names are translated to IP addresses by DNS servers to locate devices worldwide. The world wide web introduced hyperlinking of documents accessed through browsers and served from web servers using HTTP.

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47 views

"At The Beginning There Was Nothing, Then Came Internet ": Babu Melepuram Sr. Lecturer

The document discusses the origins and basic components of the internet. It describes how the internet began as a US Department of Defense project in 1960 and later expanded. The key components covered include IP addresses, domain names, web browsers, web servers, URLs, HTTP, and some basic internet security concepts. Domain names are translated to IP addresses by DNS servers to locate devices worldwide. The world wide web introduced hyperlinking of documents accessed through browsers and served from web servers using HTTP.

Uploaded by

murali.ts1
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

At the beginning there was nothing, then came Internet


Babu Melepuram Sr. Lecturer

Origin of Internet

U.S. Department of Defense funded project in1960.

BITNET & CSNET

ARPA net to NSF net. Part of NSF is for research. The other part is known as Internet.

What the internet is?

Huge collection of computers and other communication devices. Network of Networks. Runs on TCP/IP. TCP/IP helps the heterogeneous group to work together. All devices connected to internet is uniquely identifiable. No real owner

IP Address

Unique 32-bit number. IPv6 is 128 bits. A IP Address looks like this : 157.62.2.1 (IPv4) and 2001:db8:1f70::999:de8:7648:6e8 (IPv6) Every device connected to internet will have a unique IP address. Routers uses, IP address to route the net traffic

Domain Name

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any resource participating in the Internet. It translates domain names meaningful to humans into the numerical (binary) identifiers associated with networking equipment for the purpose of locating and addressing these devices world-wide. It serves as the "phone book" for the Internet by translating human-friendly computer hostnames into IP addresses. It is part of TCP/IP suite

Parts of a domain name


Usually consists of two or more parts (technically labels), which are conventionally written separated by dots, such as example.com. The rightmost label conveys the top-level domain (for example, the address www.example.com has the top-level domain com). Each label to the left specifies a subdivision, or subdomain of the domain above it. For example: example.com is a subdomain of the com domain. A hostname refers to a domain name that has one or more associated IP addresses; ie: the maths.example.com' and 'example.com' domains are both hostnames, however, the 'com' domain is not. The host name and all of the domain names together called a fully qualified domain name

Domain Name Conversion

The Software used for converting FQDN to IP address, is called Name server

The world wide web (WWW)

It is the software and protocols used over the internet. For exchanging documents. Initiated by group led by Berners-Lee in 1989. It is a vast collection of documents some of which are connected by links, accessed by web browsers and served by web servers

Web Browsers
A Web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text, images, videos, music, games and other information typically located on a Web page at a Web site on the World Wide Web or a local area network.

Web Browsers

can contain hyperlinks to other Web pages at the same or different Web site. Web browsers format HTML information for display, so the appearance of a Web page may differ between browsers. Communicate with Web servers primarily using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Web Browsers

Mosaic is the first one. Mozilla Firefox. Internet Explorer. Chrome Safari

Web Servers

Provide documents to requesting browsers Slave programs Not involved in the display process Waits at specified port Document root Server root Virtual document trees Virtual hosts Proxy servers Apache ISS

Uniform Resource Locators

Identify documents in the internet URL format

Scheme: object-address

http,ftp,telnet,file //FQDN/path-to-document
http://www.gmail.com/login.htm

Eg :

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions


Format of documents are mentioned in MIME At the beginning of the document type/subtype Text, image, video jpeg, gif, html, plain, mpg Server decides the type of document by its extension. Server maintains a conversion table

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Has two phases


Request phase Response phase header

Each phase has two parts

Contains info about communication Contains data of the communication

body

Request Phase

http method

domain-part http-version

GET /storefront.htm HTTP/ 1.1 GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE Accept: text/plain

header fields

blank line message body

Response Phase

Status Line

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Response header fields Blank Line Response body

Security

Privacy Integrity Authentication Non-repudition Encryption PKI

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