Basic Laws of Electric Circuits

Mesh Analysis

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 Mesh analysis
Analysis using KVL to solve for the currents around each closed
loop of the network.
Mesh analysis procedure:
1. Assign currents to each closed loop of the network.
2. Apply KVL around each closed loop of the network.
3. Solve the resulting simultaneous linear equation for the loop
currents.

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 Mesh Analysis: Basic Concepts:

 In formulating mesh analysis we assign a mesh

current to each mesh.

I1 I2 I3

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 Mesh Analysis: Basic Concepts:
R1 R2
_ + _
+ V1 V2
+
+ +
VA VL1 Rx VB
_ I1 _
I2 _

A circuit for illustrating mesh analysis.

Around mesh 1:

V1  VL1  V A
where V1  I1 R1 ; VL1  I1  I 2 R X
so, ( R1  RX ) I1  RX I 2  V A Eq 1
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 Mesh Analysis: Basic Concepts:
R1 R2
_ + _
+ V1 V2
+
+ +
VA VL1 Rx VB
_ I1 _
I2 _

Around mesh 2 we have

VL1  V2  VB Eq 2
with ; VL1   ( I 2  I1 ) R X ; V2  I 2 R2 Eq 3

Substituti ng Eq 3 in Eq 2 gives ,
R X I1  ( R X  R2 ) I 2  VB
or  R X I1  ( R X  R2 ) I 2   VB Eq 4
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 Mesh Analysis: Basic Concepts:

We are left with 2 equations: From (1) and (4) we have,

( R1  RX ) I1  RX I 2  V A Eq 1

 RX I1  ( RX  R2 ) I 2   VB Eq 4

We can easily solve these equations for I 1 and I2.

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 Mesh Analysis: Example 1
Write the mesh equations and solve for the currents I1 and I2.
4 2

7
6
10V + I1 I2
_
2V + _
_ 20V
+

Circuit for Example 1

Mesh 1 4I1 + 6(I1 – I2) = 10 - 2 Eq (1)

Mesh 2 Eq (2)
6(I2 – I1) + 2I2 + 7I2 = 2 + 20
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 Mesh Analysis: Example 1, continued.
Simplifying Eq (1) and (2) gives,
10I1 – 6I2 = 8 Eq (3)

-6I1 + 15I2 = 22 Eq (4)

I1 = 2.2105 A

I2 = 2.3509 A

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 Mesh Analysis: Example 2
Solve for the mesh currents in the circuit below.

12V
9 
_
_ +

+
I3 8V
10  11 
+ _

6  4 
3 
I1 _ I2
20V + 10V
__ +

Circuit for Example 2

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 Mesh Analysis: Example 2 Write KVL for each mesh.

12V
9 
_
_ +

+
I3 8V
10  11 
+ _

6  4 
3 
I1 _ I2
20V + 10V
__ +

Mesh 1: 6I1 + 10(I1 – I3) + 4(I1 – I2) = 20 + 10 Eq (1)

Mesh 2: 4(I2 – I1) + 11(I2 – I3) + 3I2 = - 10 - 8 Eq (2)

Mesh 3: 9I3 + 11(I3 – I2) + 10(I3 – I1) = 12 + 8 Eq (3)

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 Mesh Analysis: Example 2
Clearing Equations (1), (2) and (3) gives,

Standard Equation form

20I1 – 4I2 – 10I3 = 30

-4I1 + 18I2 – 11I3 = -18

-10I1 – 11I2 + 30I3 = 20

In matrix form:

 20  4  10  I 1   30 
  4 18  11   I     18
  2   
  10  11 30   I 3   20 

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 Mesh Analysis: Example 3
Use the direct method to write the mesh equations for the following.

20  30  12 

_ 8
10 
+ I1 I2 + 15V I3
20V _
+ _
_ 10V 10  + 30V

Circuit diagram for Example 3

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 Mesh Analysis: Example 3
Use the direct method to write the mesh equations for the following.

20  30  12 

_ 8
10 
+ I1 I2 + 15V I3
20V _
+ _
_ 10V 10  + 30V

Circuit diagram for Example 3

 30  10 0   I 1  10 
  10 50  10  I    25 Eq (1)
  2   
 0  10 30   I 3  15 

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 Problem

Solve I1 by using mesh current method

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 Similarly I2 = 4.5 A and I3 = 1.5 A
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Problem
Write the mesh current matrix equation for the network of Fig by inspection,
and solve for Currents.

Ans: I1 = -1.31 A, I2 = 3.17 A and I3 = 10.45 A

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