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Module 1 - 2 Number Systems

The document discusses different number systems used to represent numeric data in computing. It defines number systems as sets of symbols used for counting, ordering, and performing calculations. The key number systems covered are the decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems. The decimal system uses base-10, while binary uses base-2, octal uses base-8, and hexadecimal uses base-16. Conversions between decimal and the other number systems are demonstrated through division algorithms.

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30 views

Module 1 - 2 Number Systems

The document discusses different number systems used to represent numeric data in computing. It defines number systems as sets of symbols used for counting, ordering, and performing calculations. The key number systems covered are the decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems. The decimal system uses base-10, while binary uses base-2, octal uses base-8, and hexadecimal uses base-16. Conversions between decimal and the other number systems are demonstrated through division algorithms.

Uploaded by

rafaeltheo ramento
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CMPRG

Computer Fundamentals and


Programming

NUMBER SYSTEM
Learning Objectives

At the end of the session, students should be


able to:
1.Define number system;
2.Identify the different number systems.
Number Systems
The study of number systems is important in
understanding how information are represented
before they can be processed by any digital system.
It is one of the most basic topics in digital electronics.
This chapter will discuss different number systems
commonly used to represent data. The discussion
will begin with the decimal number system. This will
then be followed by the more commonly used
number systems in digital systems such as the
binary, octal and hexadecimal number systems.
Number Systems

Number system is set of symbols used to


express quantities as the basis for counting,
determining order, comparing amounts,
performing calculations, and representing
value. It is the set of characters and
mathematical rules that are used to represent
a number
Number Systems

Each number system is associated with a


base or radix. The decimal number system is
said to be of base or radix 10. A number in
base r contains r digits 0,1,2,...,r-1. Hence,
Decimal number system has these digits: 0, 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Moreover, Numbers
are usually expressed in positional notation.
Number Systems

Different Number Systems:


1.Decimal Number System – base 10
2.Binary Number System – base 2
3.Octal Number System – base 8
4.Hexadecimal Number System – base 16
Decimal Number Systems

Decimal number is a base 10 system and is


commonly used numbering system. It is based
on 10 digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. The
name decimal comes from the Latin word
decem meaning “ten”. The symbols used to
represent these digits arrived in Europe
around 13th century from the Arabs, who in
turn borrowed them from Hindus.
Decimal Number Systems
It is a place-value system, which means that the
value of a particular digit depends both on the digit
itself and on its position within the number. It is
employed in everyday arithmetic to represent
numbers by string in digits. Depending on its position
in the string, each digit has an associated value of an
integer raised to the power of 10.
As an example:
123.45 =
(1 x 102) + (2 x 101) + (3 x 100) + (4 x 10-1) + (5 x 10-2)
Decimal Number Systems
In general, a decimal with n digits to the left of the
decimal point and m digits to the right of the decimal
point is represented by string of coefficients.
Binary Number Systems
Digital systems are constructed out of logic
states that can only represent two states; thus
computers are obliged to make use of a number
system comprising only two digits: 0 and 1. The
decimal equivalent of a binary number can be
found by expanding the number into a power
series with a base 2.
The digits in a binary number are called bits. Bit
is the contraction for the words binary and digit.
Binary Number Systems
The following defined terms are usually used in binary
decimal number system.
•Least Significant Bit (LSB) – the rightmost bit, the one that
represents the ones place.
•Most Significant Bit (MSB) – the leftmost bit, the one that
represents the highest power of two.
•Nibble – four-bit binary number
(Example: 1101)
•Byte – a unit of storage for a single character, typically an
eight bit (2 nibble) binary number.
(Example: 1111 0011)
Octal and Hexadecimal Number System

Octal (base-8) and hexadecimal (base-16)


systems are useful for representing binary
quantities indirectly because they possess the
property that their bases are powers of two.
Since 23=8 and 24=16, each octal digit
corresponds to three binary digits and each
hexadecimal digit corresponds to four binary
digits.
Octal and Hexadecimal Number System

Octal number system is the base-8 system


with digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.

Hexadecimal number system is a base-16


system with the first 10 digits borrowed from
the decimal system (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9) and the letters A, B, C, D, E & F used
for the values 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 & 15.
Table 1: Number with Different Bases
Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal
00 0000 00 0
01 0001 01 1
02 0010 02 2
03 0011 03 3
04 0100 04 4
05 0101 05 5
06 0110 06 6
07 0111 07 7
08 1000 10 8
09 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
Conversion
(Decimal to Binary)
Given: 100  base 2

Solution Answer Remainder


100/2 50 0
50/2 25 0
25/2 12 1
12/2 6 0
6/2 3 0
3/2 1 1
1/2 0 1
Answer: 11001002
Conversion
(Decimal to Octal)
Given: 100  base 8

Solution Answer Remainder


100/8 12 4
12/8 1 4
1/8 0 1

Answer: 1448
Conversion
(Decimal to Hexadecimal)
1. Given: 100  base 16

Solution Answer Remainder


100/16 6 4
6/16 0 6

Answer: 6416

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