Solar

tracking
system

Represented by:
• Ali Shindy 201900004
• Mario Maher 201900150
• Shady Morad 201900016
• Youssef S. Danial 201900182

Supervised by DR/ Magdy Naiem

 1. Introduction
2. Components required
3. Circuit diagram

Content 4.
5.
Working principle
code
6. Advantage
7. Applications
8. conclusion
 • Solar energy is a clean and renewable source
of

1) energy that is becoming increasingly popular.

• A solar tracking system can improve the

Introduction efficiency of a solar panel by keeping it

pointed towards the sun.
• A solar tracking system is a mechanism
that allows solar panels to follow the
movement of the sun throughout the day,
maximizing their exposure to sunlight
and improving their energy output.
 • Arduino Uno
• LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
• Servo Motor
2) •
•
Solar Panel
Breadboard

Components •
•
Jumper Wires
5mm Acrylic Sheet 30cm x 20cm,

required •
•
VPC Cardboard 5mm,
SG90,
• USB DC 1~5V to DC 5V Voltage Step Up Boost
Module,
• LiPo Battery Charger Module Mini TP4056 IC,
• On/Off Switch,
• Battery Holder – 1 Cell ,18650 Battery Cell
3.7V
3)
Circuit
diagram
4) • The LDR senses the intensity of sunlight falling on it
and sends this data to the Arduino.

Working • The Arduino processes this data and sends signals

to

principle
the servo motor.
• The servo motor rotates the solar panel to face the
direction of the sun.
 • Circuit Diagram:
• 1. Connect the VCC pin of the LDRs or photodiodes to
the 5V pin of the Arduino.
• 2. Connect the GND pin of the LDRs or photodiodes to
5) Circuit the GND pin of the Arduino.
• 3. Connect one end of a 100k-ohm resistor to the A0
Diagram pin of the Arduino.
• 4. Connect the other end of the 10k-ohm resistor to
the junction of the LDRs or photodiodes.
• 5. Connect the signal wires of the servo motors to
two
digital pins of the Arduino (e.g., pins 9 and 10).
 • Circuit Explanation:
• 1. The LDRs or photodiodes act as light sensors and provide
input to the Arduino about the intensity of light falling on
them.
• 2. The 10k-ohm resistor connected to the A0 pin forms a
voltage divider circuit with the LDRs or photodiodes, which
5) Circuit allows the Arduino to measure the voltage across the LDRs
or photodiodes.
Diagram • 3. Based on the voltage readings from the LDRs or
photodiodes, the Arduino can determine the position of the
sun relative to the solar panels.
• 4. The servo motors are used to adjust the position of the
solar panels based on the input from the LDRs or
photodiodes.
• 5. The signal wires of the servo motors are connected to
two digital pins of the Arduino, which can generate pulse-
width modulation (PWM) signals to control the position of
the servos.
• 6. By using appropriate algorithms and control logic in the
Arduino code, the servo motors can be adjusted to move
the solar panels in the direction of the sun’s movement.
 • The Arduino code for a solar tracking system involves reading the
voltage values from the LDRs or photodiodes, determining the

5) code direction of the sun, and controlling the servo motors

accordingly. The code will typically include analog input reading,
mathematical calculations to determine the sun's position, and
servo control functions to adjust the position of the panels.
• Note: The actual code implementation may vary depending on
the specific requirements of your project, the number of LDRs or
photodiodes used, and the type of servo motors employed.
Make sure to adapt the code to your particular setup and use
appropriate libraries if needed.
• By combining the circuit described above with the corresponding
Arduino code, you can create a solar tracking system that
continuously adjusts the position of the solar panels to maximize
their exposure to sunlight throughout the day.
 • #include <Servo.h> //includes the servo library
pos = pos+1; // decrement the 90
• Servo myservo; degree poistion of the horizontal
• #define ldr1 A0 // set ldr 1 Analog input pin of East ldr as an integer servo motor - this will move the
• #define ldr2 A1 // set ldr 2 Analog input pin of West ldr as an integer panel position Eastward
• int pos = 90; // initial position of the Horizontal movement controlling }
servo motor if(val1 < val2) // if ldr2 senses more

5) code •

•
int tolerance = 20; // allowable tolerance setting - so solar servo
motor isn't constantly in motion
void setup(){
{
light than ldr1

pos = pos-1; // increment the 90

• myservo.attach(2); // attaches the servo on digital pin 2 to the degree position of the horizontal
horizontal movement servo motor
motor - this will move the panel
• pinMode(ldr1, INPUT); //set East ldr pin as an input position Westward
• pinMode(ldr2, INPUT); //set West ldr pin as an input }
• myservo.write(pos); // write the starting position of the horizontal }
movement servo motor
if(pos > 180) {pos = 180;} // reset the
• delay(1000); // 1 second delay to allow the solar panel to move to its horizontal postion of the motor to
staring position before comencing solar tracking
180 if it tries to move past this point
• }
if(pos < 0) {pos = 0;} // reset the
• void loop(){
horizontal position of the motor to 0
• int val1 = analogRead(ldr1); // read the value of ldr 1 if it tries to move past this point
• int val2 = analogRead(ldr2); // read the value of ldr 2 myservo.write(pos); // write the
• if((abs(val1 - val2) <= tolerance) || (abs(val2 - val1) <= tolerance)) { starting position to the horizontal
• //no servo motor horizontal movement will take place if the ldr value
motor
is within the allowable tolerance delay(50);
• }else { }
• if(val1 > val2) // if ldr1 senses more light than ldr2
• {
6)
Advantage • A solar tracking system can increase the
efficiency of a solar panel by up to
40%.
• It ensures that the solar panel is always facing
the sun, maximizing energy production.
• It can be used in both residential and
commercial settings.
7) • Solar tracking systems can be used in
Applications solar power plants, rooftop solar panels,
and solar-powered vehicles.
• They can be used in remote areas where
electricity is not available.
• They can be used to power homes,
businesses, and even entire communities.
 • In conclusion, a solar tracking system using Arduino
is a simple and effective way to improve the
efficiency of solar panels.
• It is a cost-effective and sustainable solution to
8) meet our energy needs.
conclusion • By harnessing the power of the sun, we can reduce
our dependence on fossil fuels and create a cleaner,
healthier planet for future generations.
Thank you