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Templates in C++

Templates in C++ allow functions and classes to work with different data types. Templates are expanded at compile time to generate separate object files for each used data type. There are two types of templates - function templates, which allow defining generic functions that can work on different data types, and class templates, which allow defining generic classes that can work on different data types. Templates increase code reuse and reduce duplication.

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Ayush Singh
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12 views

Templates in C++

Templates in C++ allow functions and classes to work with different data types. Templates are expanded at compile time to generate separate object files for each used data type. There are two types of templates - function templates, which allow defining generic functions that can work on different data types, and class templates, which allow defining generic classes that can work on different data types. Templates increase code reuse and reduce duplication.

Uploaded by

Ayush Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Templates in C++

• A template is a simple very powerful tool in C++. The simple idea is to


pass the data type as a parameter so that we don’t need to write the
same code for different data types. We can draw any logic using C++
template.
• C++ adds two new keywords to support templates: ‘template’ and
‘type name’. The second keyword can always be replaced by the
keyword ‘class’.
How Do Templates Work?
• Templates are expanded at compiler time.
• The difference is, that the compiler does type-checking before
template expansion. The idea is simple, source code contains only
function/class, but compiled code may contain multiple copies of the
same function/class.
• We have to type of templates in c++.
• 1)function Template(Generic function)
• 2)Class template(Generic class)
Syntax for Generic Function:
• template <class type>
• return-type func-name(parameter list)
• {
• // body of function
•}
Example:
• #include <iostream>
• #include <string>
using namespace std;
template <typename T> OR // function template
template <class T>
inline T Max (T a, T b) {
return a < b ? b:a;
}
• int main () {
• int i = 40;
• int j = 25;
• cout << "Max(i, j): " << Max(i, j) << endl;
• double d1 = 29.56;
• double d2 = 20.43;
• cout << "Max(d1, d2): " << Max(d1, d2) << endl;
• string s1 = "Hello";
• string s2 = “class";
• cout << "Max(s1, s2): " << Max(s1, s2) << endl;
• return 0;
•}
C++ Program to Swap data using function
template:
• #include <iostream>
• using namespace std;

• template <typename T>


• void Swap(T &n1, T &n2)
•{
• T temp;
• temp = n1;
• n1 = n2;
• n2 = temp;
•}
• int main()
•{
• int i1 = 7, i2 = 9;
• float f1 = 79.2, f2 = 14.5;
• char c1 = ‘y', c2 = 'x’;
Swap(i1, i2);
• Swap(f1, f2);
• Swap(c1, c2);
• Return 0;

•}
Function template overloading:
• using namespace std;
• template <class T>
•
• void display(T x, T y)
•{
• cout << "Displaying Template: "
• << "\n";
•}
• void display(int x, T y, T z)
•{
• cout << "Explicitly display: "
• << "\n";
•}
•
• int main()
•{
• // Function Call with a
• // different arguments
• display(200,564);
• display(12.40,23.45, 34.23);
• return 0;
•}
Syntax for Generic Class:
template <class type> // here type support any type of data type
class class-name
{
Public:
Type Variable;
Type function Name(type argu-list)
}
Example:
• #include <iostream>
• using namespace std;
• template<class T>
• class A
•{
• public:
• T num1 = 5;
• T num2 = 6;
• void add()
• {
• std::cout << "Addition of num1 and num2 : " <<
num1+num2<<std::endl;
• }
•
• };
• int main()
•{
• A<int> d;
• d.add();
• return 0;
•}
Inheritance in Class template:
• #include <iostream>

• template <typename T>


• class Base{
• public:
• void func(){ // (1)
• std::cout << "func\n";
• }
• };
• template <typename T>
• class Derived: public Base<T>{
• public:
• void callBase(){
• func(); // (2)
• }
• };
• int main(){

• std::cout << '\n';

• Derived<int> derived;
• derived.callBase();

• std::cout << '\n';

•}

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