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Critical Reading As Looking For Ways of Thinking

The document discusses critical reading and logical fallacies. It defines critical reading as a deeper analysis of an author's claims, information, and assumptions in a text. This involves reflecting on and reinterpreting the text. The document then lists and provides examples of common logical fallacies such as hasty generalization, argumentum ad ignorantium, slippery slope, and circular reasoning. It explains that identifying logical fallacies is an important part of critical reading.

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JENNY MADALOGDOG
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80 views39 pages

Critical Reading As Looking For Ways of Thinking

The document discusses critical reading and logical fallacies. It defines critical reading as a deeper analysis of an author's claims, information, and assumptions in a text. This involves reflecting on and reinterpreting the text. The document then lists and provides examples of common logical fallacies such as hasty generalization, argumentum ad ignorantium, slippery slope, and circular reasoning. It explains that identifying logical fallacies is an important part of critical reading.

Uploaded by

JENNY MADALOGDOG
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CRITICAL READING

AS LOOKING FOR
WAYS OF THINKING
~READING AND WRITING~
~READING AND WRITING~

OBJECTIVES
• DEFINE CRITICAL READING AND EXPLAIN ITS
IMPORTANCE
• DESCRIBE LOGICAL FALLACIES AND ENUMERATE
EXAMPLES OF THESE
• EXPLAIN CRITICAL READING AS LOOKING FOR
WAYS OF THINKING THROUGH LOGICAL
FALLACIES
~READING AND WRITING~

CRITICAL READING

• A form of analysis that involves deeper


examination of the claims, information, and
assumptions given by the author in a text
• It involves reflection and reinterpretation of a
written text
~READING AND WRITING~

CRITICAL READING

• A precursor of critical writing


• Practicing critical reading trains you for
critical writing
• It can start even before you start reading a
text
~READING AND WRITING~

STRATEGIES OF CRITICAL READING

• By looking at the • By looking at the


logic and logical connections
assertions that the between statement
author used in the text
~READING AND WRITING~

STRATEGIES OF CRITICAL READING


Logic and Assumptions
• LOGICAL • Logical fallacies are
FALLACIES- often deceitful.
statements that claim to Believing into them
be true and reasonable, can lead to
but commits errors and misinformation, lies
unsound logic and confusion.
~READING AND WRITING~

STRATEGIES OF CRITICAL READING


Logic and Assumptions

Example:
“ My startup will be efficient and
successful, because I and everyone I have
hired are efficient and successful.”
~READING AND WRITING~

Logic and Assumptions


COMMON TYPES OF LOGICAL FALLACY

-hasty generalization
-argumentum ad ignorantium
-slippery slope
-circular reasoning
~READING AND WRITING~

Logic and Assumptions


COMMON TYPES OF LOGICAL FALLACY

-argumentum ad populum
-fallacy of composition
-argumentum ad baculum
-damning the source
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
Hasty Generalization

-the act of jumping to a conclusion


without sufficient samples or evidence to
prove his or her claim
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
Hasty Generalization
• EXAMPLE:
“Farmer Bob used Stinky Winky fertilizer at three spots in his
corn field, and at those three spots the corn plants died. All the
other plants in the field lived. Stinky Winky fertilizer is
obviously bad for corn plants.”
~University of California San Diego
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
Argumentum ad Ignorantium
• The act of claiming that a statement
is accepted as true because it has
never been proven to be false.
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
Argumentum ad Ignorantium
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
Slippery Slope
• It is asserting that some events,
usually worst case scenarios, will
inevitable happen when another
event happens.
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
Slippery Slope
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
Circular Reasoning
• It is trying to prove that something is true
by an argument in which the conclusion
is also one of the premises; therefore
creating a circular form of argument.
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
Circular Reasoning
• This type of fallacy is usually used to
convey humor.
• It is also known as paradoxical thinking,
circular argument, begging of the question.
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
Circular Reasoning
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
Argumentum ad Populum
• It is a fallacy which tries to prove that
an idea is credible based on popular
belief or because it has been stated by
one of the elites in the society.
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
Argumentum ad Populum
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
Fallacy of Composition
•It is claiming that a whole
is true because a part of it
is true.
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
Fallacy of Composition
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
Argumentum ad Baculum
•Also known as appeal to force, it
is the appealing to human
emotions, specifically fear, by
the use of threats and force.
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
Argumentum ad Baculum
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
Damning the Source
•It is attacking the source of the argument
instead of the validity of the arguments used.
•The Latin “ad hominem” means “against the
man”.
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
Damning the Source
~READING AND WRITING~

LOGICAL FALLACY:
How much have I learned?

Reread your notes and


prepare for a quiz.
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