Process P&ID Training

George Lengyel

7 April 2006

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Agenda
 Introduction
 Process Technology Procedures
 Process Technology Forms
 Where to find Process Design Procedures?
 PTD-PRO-110, The P&ID Format and Content Procedure
 PTD-PRO-111, The P&ID Development Procedure
 PTD-FRM-122, The Process P&ID Review Checklist
 Questions?

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 Introduction
– What is a P&ID

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 A Piping and Instrument Diagram (P&ID) is a detailed,

pictorial representation of a process showing
– All equipment including spares
– All piping and valving
– All instrumentation
 necessary to design, construct, and operate the facility.
 Normally shown as side elevation
 Other names
– Engineering Flow Diagrams (EFDs)
– Mechanical Flow Diagrams (MFDs)
– Utility Flow Diagrams (UFDs)

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 Parsons Process Technology Procedures

– PTD-PRO-110, The P&ID Format and Content Procedure outlines
the scope of responsibility for preparation of P&IDs and Parsons
E&C standard method of illustrating the intent of the process
designer.
– PTD-PRO-111, The P&ID Development Procedure describes the
development of Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs)
from FEED to Detailed Engineering and Construction.

 Parsons Process Technology Forms

– PTD-FRM-122, The Process P&ID Review Checklist is a
guideline that summarizes major items to be checked during a
P&ID review. .

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 Where to find Process Technology Procedures?

– PECweb

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 Where to find Process Technology Forms?

– PECweb

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 PTD-PRO-110 P&ID Format and Content

 PIP (Process Industry Practices) PIC001
 However, for most projects will follow client standards

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Process Industry Practices

P&ID

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Responsibility
 Responsibility for the technical integrity of the process design resides with Process Technology up through the Issue for Design revision
 Input also from I&C, Mechanical, Civil, Electrical, Piping
 Process engineer sizes equipment and piping
 Drawing done electronically by CAD Group
– AUTOCAD
– Intelligent P&IDs
– Zyqad

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1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This Practice provides criteria for the development of Piping and
Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs).
1.2 Scope
 This Practice addresses the format and content shown on a P&ID.
The Practice is independent of time in a facility life cycle and
encompasses design, construction, operations, and maintenance.
 This Practice covers the generation of new P&IDs and does not
apply to the revision of existing P&IDs. This Practice also applies to
P&IDs provided by packaged equipment vendors.

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2. References
– Applicable parts of the following Practices, industry codes and
standards, and references shall be considered an integral part of
this Practice.
2.1 Process Industry Practices (PIP)
– PIP INEG1000 – Insulation Design and Type Codes
– PIP PCCIP001 – Instrument Piping and Tubing Systems Criteria
– PIP PCSIP001 – Instrument Piping and Tubing Systems
Specifications
– PIP PNE00001 – Design of ASME B31.3 Metallic Piping Systems
– PIP PNSM0001 – Piping Line Class Designator System

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– Flange Rating – From ASME B16.5

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2.2 Industry Codes and Standards

 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
– ANSI/FCI 70-2-2003 – Control Valve Seat Leakage
 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
– ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Section VIII – Pressure Vessels
 The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society (ISA)
– ISA S5.1 – Instrumentation Symbols and Identification (R1992)
– ISA S5.2 – Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations (R1981)
– ISA S5.3 – Graphic Symbols for Distributed Control / Shared Display
Instrumentation, Logic and Computer Systems
– ISA S84.01 – Application of Safety Instrumented Systems for the
Process Industries
 Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA)
– TEMA Standards

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2.3 Government Regulations

 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
– OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119 – Occupational Safety and Health Standards,
Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals

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3. Definitions - Examples
– auxiliary P&ID: Used to show details to un-clutter other P&IDs
(e.g., lube oil system, sample systems, instrument details)

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4. Requirements (expanded index)

4.1 General
4.2 Format
4.2.1 Layout
4.2.2 Symbology
4.2.3 Lines
4.2.4 Text

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4.1 General
– Provide a balance between the desire to show all data on
P&IDs with the need to make P&IDs legible and easy to read.
– Most details that are available from other types of
documentation (e.g., instrument loop diagrams, vessel data
sheets) are not recommended for inclusion on P&IDs.

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4.2 Format
4.2.1 Layout
 Layout each P&ID to avoid clutter and allow future
modifications. Show no more that three pieces of major
equipment.
 Show primary flow on each P&ID from left to right. Show flow
through equipment relative to actual arrangement
 Show equipment arrangement relative to its elevation to grade
(e.g., pumps at bottom of P&ID).

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4.2.2 Symbology
 Show format, equipment, piping and instrument symbols in
accordance with Appendixes A-1, A-2, A-3, and A-4.
 Show equipment internals using a short dash/space line.
 Show normally closed manual valves using a darkened solid
symbol.
– If darkened in valves cannot be used because of symbol type (e.g.,
butterfly valve), use the abbreviation for Normally Closed (NC)
directly below the valve in a horizontal line or to the right of the
valve in a vertical line.
 Show on/off valves in normal operating position.
 Do not show control valves or relief valves normally closed.

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4.2.3 Lines
 Show flow arrows at corners and intersecting lines, where there
is a change in direction.
 Break vertical primary process lines if crossing horizontal
primary process lines.
 Break instrument lines for all process and utility lines.
 Avoid routing lines across equipment or text.
 Avoid doglegs

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4.2.4 Text
 Show equipment numbers, titles, and data for equipment
directly above the equipment, and on the same horizontal plane
as other equipment identification.
 Show equipment numbers, titles, and data for rotating
equipment, i. e., pumps, blowers, and compressors directly
below the equipment and on the same horizontal plane as other
equipment identification.
 Show equipment number, title, and data once for identical
equipment with the same number, title, and service (e.g., P-
601A/B).
 Show line numbering with the orientation of the line.

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4.3 Equipment (expanded index)

4.3.1 Equipment General Information
4.3.2 Agitators
4.3.3 Blowers
4.3.4 Compressors
4.3.5 Drivers
4.3.6 Heat Exchangers
4.3.7 Furnaces
4.3.8 Pumps
4.3.9 Packaged Equipment
4.3.10 Vessels
4.3.11 Tanks
4.3.12 Classification of Equipment
4.3.13 Equipment Data

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4.3.1 Equipment General Information

 Show equipment with simple outline representation. Equipment symbols
shall not dominate the drawing, but shall be shown as a size sufficient
for clear understanding. Do not draw equipment to scale.
 Show nozzles, including spares, on equipment as single lines. Show
manways as double lines. Do not label process and utility nozzles. Show
nozzle sizes, unless the size is implied by piping connections.
 Identify equipment shown on the P&ID by a classification letter and
sequence number.
 Do not show equipment elevations unless they are necessary to specify
process requirements for associated equipment location or orientation
relative to one another
 Show auxiliary system requirements (e.g., lube oil systems, seal flush
systems, turbine gland leak-off piping, sample systems) on auxiliary
P&IDs.
 Show the type of insulation (e.g., personnel protection, heat
conservation) for equipment.

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4.3.2 Agitators
4.3.3 Blowers
 Show blower symbols as centrifugal or positive displacement as
required.
4.3.4 Compressors
 Show the compressor symbol for each stage of multistage
compressors. Multistaged compressors may be shown on
multiple P&IDs.
4.3.5 Drivers
 Show drivers with driven equipment using the symbols for
motors, diesel engines, and turbines. Equipment numbers for
drivers are normally not required. Show equipment number for
driver if driving more than one piece of equipment or if the
driver number is different from the equipment being driven.

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4.3.6 Heat Exchangers

 The term heat exchanger includes unfired heat exchangers,
coolers, condensers, reboilers, vaporizers and heating coils.
Show shell and tube exchangers following the TEMA convention
(e.g., AEL, BEM) for the type utilized in the process.
 Orient exchanger nozzles to indicate the flow path through the
exchanger
 Show the total duties for multiple exchangers utilized in series
or parallel configurations for common service.
 Air-cooled exchangers are generally of two basic types, forced
draft or induced draft. Each type may have recirculation,
multiple bundles, multiple fans, variable (automatic or manual)
fan pitch, variable louvers or steam coils. Symbols may be
modified to represent the type of air-cooled exchanger used.

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 TEMA Types

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4.3.7 Furnaces
 Show the radiant coils and convection coils for the furnace to
distinguish between the respective sections.
4.3.8 Pumps
 Do not show base plates unless panned and drained.
 Show drains and lines to oil and/or water sumps.
 Show vendor supplied instrumentation or controls (e.g., relief
for a positive displacement pump, high temperature shutoff
switch).
 Show external piping and instrumentation for pump seals.

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4.3.9 Packaged Equipment

 The term packaged equipment includes units such as air driers,
refrigeration systems, etc. Packaged equipment can be shown
generically as a “black box” until vendor drawing/information
becomes available.
 Identify as vendor package by enclosing in broken lie.
 Show packaged equipment in its entirety.
 Assign Equipment/Item Numbers (reference Section 4.3.12) to
individual equipment in the package.

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4.3.10 Vessels
 Show vessels as representative of actual vessel shape and
orientation.
 Show manways, hand holes and nozzles. Show other equipment
(e.g., spheres) supports only if needed.
 Show trays at process connection points. Number trays in
accordance with the project convention. Show the top and
bottom trays.
4.3.11 Tanks
 Show tanks as representative of actual tank type

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4.4 Piping (expanded index)

4.4.1 Line Data Identification
4.4.2 Line Service Codes
4.4.3 Piping Line Symbols
4.4.4 Valve Symbols
4.4.5 Piping Specialty Items
4.4.6 Piping Fittings
4.4.7 Connectors and Tie-in Symbols
4.4.8 Drain Connectors
4.4.9 Notes

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4.4 Piping
4.4.1 Line Data Identification
 Sequence numbers typically originate and terminate at
equipment. Assign different sequence numbers to line branches
that terminate at different equipment numbers or lines.
 Do not change the sequence number if the line flows through a
piping specialty item or a control valve.
 Do change the sequence number if there is a line class break.
 Assign different sequence numbers to the inlet and outlet of
pressure relief valves.
 Show insulation code changes.
 Show special layout requirements (e.g., No Pockets) with a note.

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4.4.2 Line Service Codes

 Line service codes are listed in Appendix A-3, page 2. Additional
line service codes can be added as required.
4.4.3 Piping Line Symbols
 Show piping for primary, secondary, utility, jacketed or double
containment, and future lines in accordance with Appendix A-3,
page 3. In addition to using the dashed symbol for future lines,
label the line as “future.”
 Show piping for above ground (AG) and underground (UG) lines
using an AG/UG line break.

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4.4.4 Valve Symbols

 Show valve symbols in accordance with Appendix A-3, page 4.
Additional valve symbols may be added as required.
 Show all valve symbols as full size. Do not show reduced size valve
symbols for drain and vent valving.
 Do not show valve size unless the size can not be clearly identified from
the P&ID.
 Use the listed valve symbols for defining control valve body types. If the
control valve body type is unknown, use a gate valve or rotary valve
symbol as the generic symbol.
 Do not indicate valve end connections. The exceptions are a blinded,
capped or plugged valve and any design where this requirement is
critical.

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4.4.5 Piping Specialty Items

 Piping specialty items are items typically not specified in piping
material specifications.
 Show piping specialty items in accordance with Appendix A-3,
page 5. Additional piping specialty symbols may be added as
required.
 Assign a tag number to each piping specialty item if it is not
included in the piping material specifications. Designate the tag
number as “SP-XXXX” where SP indicates a special piping item
and XXXX is an identifier up to four characters.
 Piping specialty items may be tagged as equipment or
instrument items.

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4.4.6 Piping Fittings

 Show typical piping fittings in accordance with Appendix A-3
page 6. Additional piping fitting symbols may be added as
required.
 Show all reducers on the P&ID.
 Show weld connections if appropriate (e.g., at vessel nozzles).

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4.4.7 Connectors and Tie-in Symbols

 The off-page connector is used for lines that continue to/from
another sheet of the same unit or system.
 Use the utility connector for lines which enter/exit a P&ID from a
utility distribution type P&ID. A service description and
equipment number reference are not required for utilities.
 Use the off-page connector for utility lines if these lines are the
primary system represented on the P&ID. Utility primary
systems include utility headers and non-distribution type utility
lines
(e.g., raw water treatment lines).
 Use the off-plot connector for lines that cross unit or battery
limits.
 Designate Tie-Ins as “T-XXXX” where T indicates a Tie-In and
XXXX is an identifier

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4.4.8 Drain Connectors

 Show the closed and open drain connectors in accordance with
Appendix A-3, page 8
4.4.9 Notes
 The notes listed in Appendix A-3, page 9 represent typical
design notes. These are shown on the cover sheets (Appendix
B).
 Show specific design notes on the applicable P&ID

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4.5 Instrumentation & Controls (expanded index)

4.5.1 Symbology
4.5.2 Measurements
4.5.3 Valves
4.5.4 Safety/Relief Devices
4.5.5 Equipment Start/Stops
4.5.6 Interlocks & Alarms
4.5.7 DCS Points
4.5.8 Miscellaneous

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4.5.1 Symbology
 Show instrument and control symbols in accordance with
Appendix A-4, page 1 through page 8. Reference ISA S5.1 for
additional detail.

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4.5.2 Measurements
 Show all transmitters to avoid misinterpretations of physical and
wiring connections between the transmitter and other devices or
systems.
 Show root valves where an instrument is mounted on a vessel or
other piece of equipment. Do not show root valves at other
locations where these installation details can be adequately
defined on a P&ID cover sheet. Use typical details, contained in
the cover sheets (Appendix B, page 4), to identify the valve type,
size, rating and materials of construction, in accordance with the
applicable piping line class.

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4.5.3 Valves
 Show valves in accordance with Appendix A-3, page 4. The
symbols for automated valve bodies and for manual valves are
identical.
 Use the appropriate actuator symbols (e.g., diaphragm and
piston) to distinguish automated valves from manual valves.
Reference Appendix A-4, page 6.
 Comment: Typically, a throttling control valve is shown with a
diaphragm actuator and an on-off valve is shown with a
cylinder/piston actuator, regardless of actual type.
 Use the symbols shown in Appendix A-4, page 7 for pressure
and temperature regulators.
 Show automated valve fail actions with text (FC/FO/FL/FI).
 For automated valves, identify tight shut-off requirements by
using the abbreviation “TSO.”

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4.5.4 Safety/Relief Devices

 Show and tag relief devices and conservation vents in
accordance with Appendix A-4, page 7 (e.g., PSE and PSV). Use
optional explanatory text for clarification of the type and
function of the device (e.g., “Emergency Relief,” “Conservation
Vent,” “Explosion Panel”) located next to the tag. Reference
Sections 4.2.1.15 and 4.2.1.16.
 Show relief device set pressures.
 Show the orifice size letter designation for relief valves between
the inlet and outlet sizes (e.g., 3K4).

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4.5.5 Equipment Start/Stops

 Do not show the local start/stop hand switch for motors without
automated controls.
 Show all control room (DCS or panel board) hand switches with
the appropriate bubble symbol and tag.

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4.5.6 Interlocks & Alarms

4.5.7 DCS Points
4.5.8 Miscellaneous

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 Review Appendices From PIP PIC001

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 Appendix A – Tables & Symbols

– A-1 Format Tables & Symbols
 Abbreviations
 Miscellaneous Symbols

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 Appendix A – Tables & Symbols

– A-2 Equipment Tables & Symbols
 Pumps
 Compressors & Blowers
 Drivers & Agitator/Mixer
 TEMA Type Exchangers
 Miscellaneous Exchangers
 Storage Tanks
 Storage Tanks
 Storage Sphere and Furnace
 Miscellaneous Vessel Details

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– A-3 Piping Tables & Symbols

 Line Data Identification
 Line Service Codes
 Piping Line Symbols
 Valve Symbols
 Piping Specialty Items
 Piping Fittings
 Connectors and Tie-In Symbol
 Drain Connectors
 Notes

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– A-3 Piping Tables & Symbols

 Line Data Identification

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– A-3 Piping Tables & Symbols

 Line Data Identification
 Line Service Codes
 Piping Line Symbols
 Valve Symbols
 Piping Specialty Items
 Piping Fittings
 Connectors and Tie-In Symbol
 Drain Connectors
 Notes

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– A-4 Instruments & Controls Tables & Symbols

 Instrument Identification Letters
 General Instrument Symbols
 Instrument Function Symbols
 Instrument Line Symbols
 Primary Element Symbols (Flow)
 Control Valve Actuator Symbols
 Self-Actuated Devices
 Miscellaneous Instrument Symbols.

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 Examples of Legend or Cover sheets

 Appendix B – Cover Sheets

 Symbols & Nomenclature – Typical Piping
 Symbols & Nomenclature – Typical Instrumentation
 Symbols & Nomenclature – Typical Equipment
 Typical Details with Implied Components

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 Symbols & Nomenclature – Typical Piping

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 Symbols & Nomenclature – Typical Instrumentation

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 Symbols & Nomenclature – Typical Equipment

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 Typical Details with Implied Components

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 Appendix C – Example P&IDs

 Example P&ID 1
 Example P&ID 2
 Example Utility P&ID

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 Example P&ID 1

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 Example P&ID 2

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 Example Utility P&ID

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 Questions?

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 PTD-PRO-111, The P&ID Development Procedure

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 P&ID Issues
 Preparation of P&IDs
 P&ID Reviews
 Change Management

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2.2 Issue Numbering

– P&ID issues shall be numbered as follows:

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 P&ID Preparation
– Responsibilities
 Process
 Civil
 Electrical
 Mechanical
 Control Systems
 Piping Design
 Project Engineer
 Noise Control Engineer
 Materials Engineer
 CAD

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 The Process Engineer prepares a free hand or best-means-

available sketch. This original sketch shows the major
equipment, equipment name and item number, equipment sizing,
interconnecting lines, utilities supply, valving, and control. The
drawing is not intended to be complete at this issue.

 The CAD Designers prepare the drawing in accordance with the

sketch. The first issue is identified as Rev. A – Preliminary
Issue.

 The CAD Designers make an internal check and provide a

marked-up check print for Process Engineering.

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 After Process and Control Systems add secondary equipment,

instrumentation, valves, and lines, the marked-up check print is
returned for re-drawing as a new revision, identified as Rev. B –
Issue for Review.

 After the Rev. B P&ID has been reviewed, checked and

corrected, it is submitted to the CAD Designers for updating and
issuing as Rev. C, which serves as the basis for the formal
Safety P&ID Review.

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 PURPOSE OF REVIEWS
– To check for drawing accuracy
– To check with consistency with other documents such as data
sheets, piping specs, line lists
– To check control system design against control philosophy
– To provide an interaction among representatives of the
appropriate engineering and operations disciplines
– To inform Client representatives and exchange information
– To facilitate production of complete and accurate PFDs and
P&IDs for formal approval and use in subsequent work.
– To perform safety reviews and HAZOPS

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 CHECKING RULES
– A Master Set of P&ID’s shall be available in a designated
location for review and checking. The Responsible Process
Engineer or Lead Process Engineer shall control these
P&ID’s for the project.
– For a large project there may several sets of Master P&ID’s
for separate areas.
– Any changes made to the P&ID’s shall be initialed and dated
by the reviewer on the Master set of P&ID’s
– Use colored pencils to mark the drawing

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 CHECKING RULES
– Use a green pencil to make deletions; use a red pencil to make
additions and a black (normal lead) or blue pencil for comments to
CAD Designers. Process back-check marks are made in yellow
pencil. (Table 1)
– Yellow off lines, numbers, equipment, details, and notes, checking
against the previous revision for accuracy of the update

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Table 1 - Color Codes

Color User Meaning

Yellow Reviewer Approval as shown
Green Reviewer Deletions
Black/Blue Reviewer Calculations and non-record comments
Red Reviewer Additions, modifications

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 CHECKING RULES
– Check line origination and termination blocks against drawings
from where lines extended from or continued to.
– Check line data on drawings. Check for specification breaks and
material changes. Check that line sizes, valve symbols, specialty
items, pressure relief (as required), reducers, flanges, and blinds
are shown (as appropriate), and that details and notes are
present and shown correctly
– Check equipment items against the equipment list and equipment
datasheets. Yellow off equipment numbers, titles, and quantities
on the equipment list as they are checked against the check print.
Yellow off datasheet, equipment numbers, titles and quantities,
sizes, capacity, dimensions, internals, nozzles, materials of
construction, notes, skirt heights, normal, high, intermediate and
low levels, relief protection (as appropriate), and instrument
connections against the check print.

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 CHECKING RULES
– Check block valves at equipment and line origination and
termination blocks to ensure that valves are shown and that the
same valve is not shown twice. Block valves should be shown
either on the P&ID or the utility diagram, but not on both
– Check utility lines to ensure that lines shown on the check print
are also shown on the Utility Distribution Diagrams
– Check equipment items, especially pumps, exchangers and
vessels to ensure that the correct symbol is shown and that tube-
side and shell-side fluids and ratings are consistent with the
PFD’s and with heat exchanger datasheets
– Check instruments against the instrument datasheets. Yellow off
instrument numbers and symbols. Check against flow diagram
legend.

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 FORMAL CLIENT REVIEW

– The Lead Process Engineer shall invite both in-house and
Client representatives to the formal review. The following list
shall be used as a guide:
 Lead Process Engineer
 Process Engineer responsible for the process design
 Project Manager/Engineer
 Operations Personnel
 Discipline Leaders
 Process Department Manager
 Appropriate Project Director

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 The Lead Process Engineer has overall responsibility for the orderly
conduct of P&ID Review Meetings. The responsible Process
Engineer, or other delegated Engineer, leads the discussion, referring
to master drawings posted on a board for all to see.
 Persons seated at conference tables should have 11”x17” copies of
the drawings being reviewed for easy reference to details.
 The Engineer leading the discussion is responsible for marking up
the master drawings in accordance with the discussion results and
using the color-coding in Table 1
 A delegated scribe makes an attendance list and takes conference
notes for publishing later.

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Table 1: Approvals and Signatures

P&ID Issue Authorization

Prepared Chk’d by Approved Appr’d by Approved
By Area Lead by Lead Project by
Process Process Process Mgmt Client

In-House Review ✓ ✓

Client Review ✓ ✓ ✓

FEED Safety Review ✓ ✓ ✓

Design ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Det. Eng Safety
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Review
Construction ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Note that the Project Manager may grant P&ID approval authority
to the Engineering Manager on the project.
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 MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE
– Process controls changes up though the Issue for Design
issue
– A full size master set of P&Ids are used to mark changes
– Anyone can make changes to the master set of P&Ids
– When a change is made
 Identify change with a number
 Date when change was made
 Use color convention for changes (Table 1)
 Initial
 Enter change information into the change log

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P&ID Change Log

P&ID#___________________

Cha nge # Origina tor Date Cha nge Approved

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

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TABLE 2: PROCESS P&ID RESPONSIBILITES

Assigning P&ID numbers

Showing equipment numbers
Isolating equipment with spectacle blinds
Isolating equipment with double block and bleeds
Incorporating change orders and giving information to other engineers
Determining any tie-in points
Determining blind flange locations for plant or equipment expansions
Showing the type of column and vessel internals
Showing the type and number of heat exchangers for each service
Show routing of equipment drains to open or closed systems
Calculating line sizes

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TABLE 2: PROCESS P&ID RESPONSIBILITES (coninued)

Identifying lines that need to be sloped or contain no pockets

Showing process analyzer types and locations
Showing chemical and/or steam injection points
Setting locations of pressure, temperature and flow indicators and
transmitters
Placing strainer and startup screen locations
Showing method of disposition of off-spec products
Sizing of flare systems
Showing the endpoints of PSV and vent discharge piping
Determining if process condition indicators should be DCS or local
mounted
Determining if auto refrigeration caused by venting requires special
materials
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TABLE 2: PROCESS P&ID RESPONSIBILITES (coninued)

Identifying valves to lock or car seal open or closed

Showing main control instrumentation including failure mode of control
valves
Ensuring that lines that go to/from other P&IDs are correctly identified
Specifying controls and equipment needed for startup and shutdown
Showing line specification changes
Determining location of sampling points
Ensuring adequate vessel surge capacities
Identifying inert blanketing requirements
Determining specialty items
Determining the requirements and locations for emergency shutdown
systems.

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3.2 Civil
 Civil is responsible for underground piping and sewers. Civil sizes
the underground gravity flow piping and is responsible for their
hydraulic system design. (Underground pressurized piping is sized by
Process.) Drains (open or closed), with their systems properly
labeled, and underground sumps are Civil’s responsibility. Civil works
with Process in designing the sumps. Process prepares the sump
pump Process Data Sheets that include sump dimensions. Area
storm water drains are not shown on aboveground P&IDs.

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Civil (Continued)
 Piping Design provides initial hub locations for the open drain piping
to Civil for the starting point of their design. Civil connects the hubs
on an underground drawing taking into account geography and
foundation obstructions. Process will then prepare underground
P&IDs (if required) based on these drawings with assistance from
Piping on layout. The open and closed drain systems will generally
have their own P&ID showing the underground piping.
 Civil is also responsible for the gravity flow storm water and sanitary
sewer systems. Tank dikes and curbing to contain chemical spillage
are generally not shown on P&IDs unless it is required for clarity (e.g.
such as to define above ground piping and valves associated with the
contained area). Tank dikes and curbing are generally handled
separately and shown on plot plan drawings

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3.3 Electrical
 The P&IDs reflect many aspects of electrical design. They show
instrumentation-electrical hookups and emergency power
requirements for certain equipment. Frequently there are P&IDs
called "Truth Tables" that indicate actuators and actuated devices.
The P&ID will also show motor driven equipment and electrical
devices (e.g., lube oil reservoir heaters, electrical heat tracing
requirements, and the temperature to be maintained). Electrical
obtains much of this information from the P&IDs, but the P&IDs
seldom fully define the electrical requirements. It is Electrical’s
responsibility to interface with other departments (e.g., Control
Systems and Process) to further define the electrical requirements.
Electrical sometimes has special numbering requirements for motors
(e.g., air cooler motors) and should verify that they are correct on the
P&IDs.

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3.4 Mechanical
 The P&IDs show data on equipment such as vessels, heat
exchangers, pumps, compressors, and other miscellaneous
equipment. Mechanical initially receives the process data sheets
from Process. From these data sheets, Mechanical produces
specifications containing the mechanical equipment data sheets,
which become the controlling equipment data sheet for the project.
 Mechanical is responsible for:
1. Making sure the equipment data shown on the P&IDs is correct and
complete.
2. Making sure that vendor information is routed to Process.
3. Informing Process of any special piping requirements for the
equipment (e.g., straight runs or special piping sizes).

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Mechanical (Continued)

4. The P&IDs show the insulation requirements for piping and

equipment. It is the responsibility of Mechanical to prepare the
Insulation Thickness Tables that define insulation thickness and
materials.
5. Determining the best type of pumps, compressors, blowers and all
other rotating equipment to meet the process requirements.

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3.5 Control Systems

 Control Systems is responsible for the complete presentation of the
instrumentation on the P&IDs. It is the responsibility of Process to
interface with Control Systems in a timely manner.
 Control Systems is responsible for:
 Adding required instrumentation, instrument bubbles, completing the
control schemes, instrument numbers, etc.
 Providing the sizes and types of control valves, relief valves, and
meter runs.
 Ensuring conformance to a Client's instrument engineering
standards.
 Making sure that the P&IDs reflect any special requirements for
instruments (e.g., maintenance or piping installation requirements).

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3.6 Piping Design

 The P&IDs are one of the main documents used by Piping Design.
For some small projects Piping Design may actually draw the P&IDs
instead of CAD. Process shall put special piping requirements on the
P&ID (e.g., "No Pockets" and "Slope" requirements).
 Piping Design is responsible for:
 Reflecting "as built" arrangements, including utility distribution P&IDs.
 Reflecting special design requirements for maintenance (e.g., break-
out spools for compressors, exchanger, etc.).
 Marking the location of utility stations and safety showers on the utility
P&ID, based on the plot plan layout.
 Ensuring that the valves depicted on the P&IDs are available in the
piping material specification.

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Piping (Continued)
 Ensuring that special hydrostatic test requirements (e.g., spacers for
inserting thick blinds) are reflected on the P&IDs. High point vents
(HPVs) and low point drains (LPDs) for hydrostatic testing are
generally not shown on the P&IDs. Piping will add HPVs and LPDs
only where they are left on after hydrostatic testing.
 Assisting Civil and Process in preparing underground P&IDs as
required.
 Prepares Demolition P&IDs

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3.7 Project Engineer

 Generally it is the responsibility of the project engineer to ensure that
the P&IDs reflect special project requirements (e.g., construction
package limits on drawings). The project engineer will send this type
of information to Process so that it is added to the P&IDs. Project will
set the distribution matrix and the type of prints to be distributed. Any
requests for extra prints will be referred to Project.
3.8 Noise Control Engineer
 When noise control or noise reduction devices are to be added to
P&IDs, Mechanical and Process shall interface with the project’s
Noise Control Engineer to verify P&ID impact.

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3.9 Materials Engineer

 The Materials Engineer has the responsibility to create Materials
Diagrams when they are developed on a project (not all projects
require Materials Diagrams). Process has the responsibility to insure
that the P&IDs are in conformance with the materials and corrosion
allowances shown on the Materials Diagrams and to resolve any
discrepancies with the Materials Engineer.
3.10 Computer Aided Design (CAD)
 In Houston CAD is a separate group and is not part of the Process
Department. (In Arcadia and London CAD is part of the Process
Department.) The P&ID development is highly dependent on
Computer Aided Design (CAD). CAD produces the P&IDs using
specialized computer software. CAD prepares the drawings in
accordance with the sketches furnished by Process and Control
Systems. They also modify the drawings as directed by Process.

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 CAD’s responsibilities are as follows:

1. Standardization of drawings and meeting project standards.

2. Creating the drawings, back-checking the work, fixing all errors
found in propagation, clearing all possible warnings, and identifying
all drawing inconsistencies. Inconsistencies include discrepancies
between all piping specification and line design data.
3. Modifying the P&IDs as directed by Process.
4. Numbering the lines on the P&IDs.
5. Maintaining the Line List developed by the intelligent P&ID software.
The Line List includes all the line numbers, process operating data,
and process design data Process provides process design and
operating data by inputting this information into a Pipe Run List.
6. CAD is responsible for the electronic copy of the P&IDs. They will
convert each issue of the electronic drawings to a PDF file for
storage if required.

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Computer Aided Design (continued)

 On some projects, particularly small ones, Piping Design may actually
be responsible for some or all of the above listed activities otherwise
performed by CAD. For such projects P&IDs are non-intelligent and
the Line List must be generated and maintained by Piping Design,
again with input by Process for operating and design conditions.

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Legend and Symbols Sheets

 At the start of PI&D Development legend and symbol sheets are
required. These sheets contain equipment and valve symbols,
pressure safety symbols, piping designations, and piping specialty
items. They also include instrument identifications and symbols.
Typical instrument assemblies such as level bridles can be included.
 The legend sheets are the first P&IDs. They are the basis for
developing the remaining P&IDs and detail the format and content of
the drawings. The CAD group or the Client can furnish standard
legend sheet drawings. However they will generally need to be
tailored to the individual job. The process group is responsible for
issuing the Legend Sheets as with all P&IDs.

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Other Types of P&IDs

 Utility P&IDs are developed the same way as for the process
drawings above; however, some of these drawings are the utility
distribution systems P&IDs. These are drawn based on the plot
arrangement and are prepared after the process P&IDs are complete
and the Plot Plan is fixed.

 Demolition P&IDs are often required on projects where equipment

and piping are being removed to accommodate the installation of new
construction. Typically either CAD or Piping Design develops these
drawings. Process reviews and checks them for accuracy.

 Auxiliary P&IDs Prepared for auxiliary systems or vendor supplied

package units.

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5.0 APPENDICES
1. P&ID Flowchart from AFE to In-House review
2. P&ID Flowchart from In-House Review To P&ID Review
3. P&ID Flowchart from P&ID Review To Issue for
Hazop
4. P&ID Flowchart from Hazop to Issue for Design
5. FEL P&ID Development Procedure
6. Roundtable P&ID Review
7. P&ID Reviews
8. Handling of Licensor Packages
9. P&ID Review Checklist

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If Available
Is Drawing Ready
AFE with Project Manager Project Engineer

5.1 Appendix 1: P&ID

Scope of Work

Flowchart from AFE to In- Process Manager

House Review Process

Prepares PFDs

Process CADD provides

Prepares P&ID Sketch Legend Sheets

Control Systems
Adds Instrumentation
Excluding Tag Numbers

Process
Reviews Drawings

CADD Prepares
Drawing

Drawings are
Returned to Process

Piping Service Process Back Line Numbers

Index if Available Checks Drawings If Available

No Is Drawing Ready
to Issue?
Yes

Issue for
In-House Review

In-House Review
Revview

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 5.2
In-House Review

Appendix 2 - P&ID Com ments

Flowchart from In-House Clien t Com men ts Pr oc ess Eng ineer

Collec ts Comm ents
Other Disc ipline
Com m ents

Review to P&ID Review

Pr oc ess Eng ineer L ine Num ber s
Piping Ser vic e Index In c orp or ates Co mm ents

Instr u mentation an d
Contr o l Gr oup Mar ku p
In c lud ing Tag Number s

Pr oc ess Eng ineer

Review s Dr awings

CA DD Inc o r por ates

Dr awing Com m ents

CA DD Chec ks and Retur ns

Dr awing s to Pr oc ess

Pr oc ess Bac k
Chec ks Dr awings

No
Is Dr awing Ready
to Issue?
Yes

Issue fo r Client
Review & Appr oval

P&ID
Review

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P&ID Rev iew

5.3 Appendix 3 - P&ID Co mmen ts

Flowchart from P&ID Review to Clien t Co mmen ts Pr oc ess Eng in eer

Collec ts Co mmen ts
Oth er Disc iplin e
Co mmen ts

Issue for HAZOP Pr oc ess Eng in eer

In c orpor ates Co mments

In str u men tation an d

Co ntr o l Gr oup
Fin al Co mmen ts

Pr oc ess Eng in eer

Review s Dr awin gs

CA DD Inc o r por ates

Dr awin g Co mments

Dr awing s ar e
Retu r n ed to Pr oc ess

Pr oc ess Bac k
Ch ec ks Dr awing s

No
Is Dr awin g Read y
to Issu e?
Yes

Issu e fo r
HAZOP

HAZOP

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HAZOP Review

5.4 Appendix 4 - P&ID Co mmen ts

Flowchart from HAZOP Review Clien t Co mmen ts Pr oc ess Eng in eer

Collec ts Co mmen ts
Oth er Disc iplin e
Co mmen ts

to Issue for Design Resolu tio n of

HAZOP Co mments

Review of
Clien t Commen ts Resolved HAZOP
Items

Pr oc ess Eng in eer

Review s Dr awin gs

CA DD Inc o r por ates

Dr awin g Co mments

Dr awing s ar e
Retu r n ed to Pr oc ess

Pr oc ess Bac k
Ch ec ks Dr awin gs

No
Is Dr awin g Read y
to Issu e ?
Yes

Issu e fo r
Desig n

Det ailed En gineer in g

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 Questions?

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 PTD-FRM-122, The Process P&ID Review Checklist

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 Questions?

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 Frequently Asked Topics

– Q: Where to find the the current PIP standards?

– A: From IHS

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