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Behaviorism Theory

Behaviorism theory proposes that learning is based on conditioning responses to stimuli through rewards and punishments. B.F. Skinner was a leading proponent of behaviorism. He developed theories like operant conditioning, where behaviors are strengthened or weakened through positive/negative reinforcement or punishment. Skinner's theories emphasize the role of external factors in shaping behavior and learning. In education, behaviorism can be applied by using reinforcement techniques to encourage positive behaviors in students. Teachers can reward desired behaviors with incentives to increase their frequency.

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Aja Cerado (aja)
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33 views

Behaviorism Theory

Behaviorism theory proposes that learning is based on conditioning responses to stimuli through rewards and punishments. B.F. Skinner was a leading proponent of behaviorism. He developed theories like operant conditioning, where behaviors are strengthened or weakened through positive/negative reinforcement or punishment. Skinner's theories emphasize the role of external factors in shaping behavior and learning. In education, behaviorism can be applied by using reinforcement techniques to encourage positive behaviors in students. Teachers can reward desired behaviors with incentives to increase their frequency.

Uploaded by

Aja Cerado (aja)
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Behaviorism Theory

Reporters:
Agao Beduria
Alimao Cuello
Alon Cuyan
Antonio Cerado
Bantas Dasilao
Objectives:

At the end of the lesson students able to:

• Understand the concept of behaviorism in education


• Determine how to use rewards in the learning process
more effectively.
Behaviorism Theory By: Burrhus Frederic Skinner

Famously known as B.F. Skinner


a leading American psychologist, Harvard
professor and proponent of the behaviorist
theory of learning
Learning is viewed as a process of “conditioning”
in an environment of stimulus, reward, and
punishment
Explains the difference between informal
learning
Which occurs naturally, and formal education,
which depends on the teacher creating optimal
patterns of stimulus and response
Reward and punishment
What is Behaviorism?
Behaviorism was the guiding perspective on
psychology around 1930’s to the 1960’s.
The general idea behind behaviorism is that
people (and animal) are heavily influenced
and directed by outside factors.
Skinner box – is a small chamber that is used to conduct operant
conditioning research with animals. Within the chamber, there is
usually a lever or a key that an individual animal can operate to
obtain water or food within the chamber as a reinforcer.

B.F. Skinners experiment involved putting a rodent in a “skinner


box”, a small cage with a bar on one wall that could be pushed to
received.
SKINNER OPERANT CONDITIONING

Operant Conditioning – is a method of learning


that occurs through rewards and punishment for
behavior. Through operant conditioning, an
individual makes an association between a
particular behavior and consequences.
Four types of reinforcement

1.Positive reinforcement

2.Negative reinforcement

3.Punishment

4.Extinction
1. POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
Positive reinforcement strengthens a behavior by
providing consequence an individual finds
rewarding.

Example:
1. If your teacher gives you additional points each
time you complete your homework (reward) you will
be more likely to repeat this behavior in the future.
2. A father gives his daughter a chocolate for cleaning
up toys is another one.
2. NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT

Negative reinforcement is a response or behavior is strengthened


by stopping, removing, or avoiding negative outcome.

Example:
1. You engage in an action in order to avoid a negative
result. Deciding to take an antacid before you indulge in a
spicy meal.
Something good is being taken away as a result
to the individual’s undesirable behavior.
3. Punishment
Punishment is the presentation of an adverse
event or outcome that causes a decrease in the
behavior it follows. There are two kinds of
punishment. Positive and negative punishment
and in both of these cases, the behavior
decreases.
NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT VS. POSITIVE PUNISHMENT.
Negative punishment can be very effective in
reducing bad or unwanted behavior. Say for
example when a child misbehaves, a parent
can take a way a favorite toy.

Positive punishment involves presenting


unfavorable outcome or event following
and undesirable behavior. It took to
remove or decrease a “bad” behavior.
4. EXTINCTION
In operant conditioning, a behavior eventually
becomes extinct if the reward no longer follows
the behavior.
Example: You take your kids to the toy store.
They ask for a toy, but you say no. They cry and
you give in, and buy them the toy. The next time
you take them to the store, they immediately
start having a tantrum until you buy them a toy.
B.F. SKINNER THEORIES IMPACT ON
EDUCATION
Psychologist B.F. Skinner was interested in
learning and behavior like teacher who have
to depend on behavior to tell them what’s
going on inside a erson. Skinner believe that
observing people’s behavior was the best way
to figure them out. Skinner believed that
people learn two different ways: They learn
to avoid negative things and strive for positive
things.
According to Skinner, if you give a child a piece
of candy each time he gets an answer right, he
will learn to figure out the right answer in order
to get the candy because he is striving for
positive things. On the other hand, if you give a
child detention every time he gets an answer
wrong, he will also learn to figure out how to get
the right answer.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SKINNER THEORIES

1.) To students with behaviors that need extreme


intervention to reinforce positive behavior. If a student gets
out of his seat frequently, set a timer for 5 minutes. Every
time the student can stay in his seat for 5 minutes, reward
him(give them token etc.)

2.) Create a system of positive incentives for class behaviors.


For example instead of punishing one student for not
turning in homework, give all students who did turn in
homework consistent rewards until that will induce that one
student to follow suit with the rest of the class.
HOW TO USE OPERANT CONDITIONING IN THE CLASSROOM

Discipline is important for the child’s success and


development. It’s easy to think that discipline is always a form
of punishment, but in truth, this doesn’t have to be the case.
Operant conditioning encourages positive reinforcement which
can be applied in the classroom environment. To set the good
behavior you want from your pupils. The teacher has now
managed to educate the pupil on the type of behavior she
expects. By building operant conditioning techniques into
lesson plans. It is easily possible to teach children useful skills
as well as good behaviors. By using symbols like smiley faces
“good work stamps” when a child does something correctly,
you can encourage thrm to repeat such satisfying work again.

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