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Variables

Universal statements describe properties that are true for all elements in a set. Conditional statements relate one statement being true to another statement also being true. Existential statements assert that there is at least one thing for which a given property is true. Universal conditional statements are statements that are both universal and conditional. Existential universal statements assert that a certain object exists and that the object satisfies a certain property for all things of a given kind. Universal existential statements state that a property is true for all objects of a given type and assert the existence of something for which that property is true.

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43 views

Variables

Universal statements describe properties that are true for all elements in a set. Conditional statements relate one statement being true to another statement also being true. Existential statements assert that there is at least one thing for which a given property is true. Universal conditional statements are statements that are both universal and conditional. Existential universal statements assert that a certain object exists and that the object satisfies a certain property for all things of a given kind. Universal existential statements state that a property is true for all objects of a given type and assert the existence of something for which that property is true.

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Jjj Jjj
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VARIABLE

S
Is there a number with the
following property:
doubling it and adding 3
gives the same result as
squaring it?
• Are there numbers with the
property that the sum of their
squares equals the square of their
sum?

• Given any real number, its square is


nonnegative.
Some Important
Kinds of
Mathematical
Statements
Universal statement – a property
is true to all elements in a set.

(Ex.: All positive numbers are


greater than 0.)
Conditional statement – if one
thing is true, then another also has
to be true.

(Ex.: If 378 is divisible by 18,


then 378 is divisible by 6.)
Existential statement – given a
property that may or may not be true,
there is at least one thing for which the
property is true.

(Ex.: There is a prime number that is


even.)
Universal conditional statements
are statements that are both
universal and conditional.
Ex. For all animals a, if a is a dog, then a is a
mammal.
If a is a dog, then a is a mammal.
Or: If an animal is a dog, then the animal is a
mammal.

For all dogs a, a is a mammal


Or, All dogs are mammals.
For all real numbers x, if x is nonzero
then x2 is positive
• If a real number is nonzero, the its square ____________.
• For all nonzero real number x, _____________.
• If x _______________, then _____________.
• The square of any nonzero real number is
_______________.
• All nonzero real numbers have _____________.
An universal existential statement is a
statement that is universal because its
first part says that a certain property is
true for all objects of a given type and is
existential because its second part asserts
the existence of something.
Every real number has an additive inverse

All real numbers have additive inverse


Or, For all real numbers r, there is an additive
inverse for r.
Or, For all real numbers r, there is a real number s
such that s is an additive inverse for r.
Every pot has a lid.

• All pots ______.


• For all pots P, there is ______.
• For all pots P, there is a lid L such
that ____.
An existential universal statement is a
statement that is existential because its first
part asserts that a certain object exists and is
universal its second part says that the object
satisfies a certain property for all things of a
certain kind.
Ex. There is a positive integer that is less than or equal to every
positive integer.

Some positive integer is less than or equal to every positive


integer.
Or, There is a positive integer m that is less than or equal to
every positive integer
Or, There is a positive integer m such that every positive integer
is greater than or equal to m.
Or, There is a positive integer m with the property that for all
positive integers n, m ≤ n.
There is a person in my class who is at least as
old as every person in my class

• Some __________ is at least as old as _______________.


• There is a person p in my class such that p is
_____________________.
• There is a person p in my class with the property that for
every person q in my class, p is _____________________.

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