Gas Insulated Substation Testing Procedure

• GIS Equipment Test

• Secondary Injection Test

• LCC Function Test

• Protection Function Test

• Stability Test

• High Voltage Test

GIS Basics
GIS : Gas Insulated Switchgear (Substation)
GIS Testing Needs : When

Factory

• Quality Control
• Factory Acceptance Test

Commissioning
• Site Acceptance Test
• Start-up

Maintenance
• Reduce maintenance requirement
• Troubleshooting
• Warranty Claims
• After Warranty maintenance
GIS Testing Needs : What

 
Contact Resistance
Overall circuit low
resistance measurement.

 
Circuit Breaker
1- Timing
2- Coil current & voltage
3- Arcing contact condition\
lenth
4- Motor current
5- Travel
GIS Testing Needs : What

 
Switches
1- Motor current
2- Maneuver shaft travel

 
Instrument transformers
1- CT
2- VT

 
Insulation
1- SF6 condition
2- Partial discharge
 Testing Challenges

GIS configuration
dependent Interlocks

Access to grounding
No access to primary links
terminal
Primary terminal not accessible for testing
Access to primary conductor through grounding links
Access to primary conductor through grounding links
Access to primary conductor through grounding links
Grounding links removed for testing
Grounding links removed for testing
Grounding links removed for testing

When possible  

– Not safe practice

when other circuit are
in service
– Capacitively
coupled currents tend
to reach higher value in
GIS due to small
distance between live
and isolate parts
– Not possible in some
cases due to operation
or safety restriction

 
Alternative testing techniques

Dual ground
 Contact Resistance Test

Testing Procedures Equipment Required

 Contact Resistance Test

Testing Procedures
Measure Contact Resistance

Equipment Required
Injection Kit: MOM690
 Contact Resistance Test

Testing Procedures
Measure Contact Resistance

Equipment Required
Injection Kit: MOM690

Contact Resistance Test

- Connection will be same as the shown figure.
- Voltage terminals must be inside Current terminals.
- Repeat this test for Bus-1A.
- Injection will be through High Speed Earth Switch.
- Follow connection loop done in factory to compare results
with factory test results.
 Contact Resistance Test

Testing Procedures
DualGround Contact Resistance

Equipment Required
Injection Kit: MJÖLNER 600 Micro-ohmmeter

DualGround Method
- No modifications to GIS.
- Run test.
- Measures ground path escape current.
- R= U \ (Igen – Ignd ).
- Follow connection loop done in factory to compare results
with factory test results.
 Contact Resistance Test

DualGround Method

- Current through CB needs to be 50A

or 100A (IEC or IEEE).
- Pending GIS configuration and parallel
ground path, up to 600A required.
- Slow ramp to avoid tripping relay.
- Mind the protection scheme to avoids trip.
- Demagnetize CT after testing
.
 Circuit Breaker Timing

Testing Procedures
Measure Circuit Breaker Time

Equipment Required
Injection Kit: TM1600 + B10E

Circuit Breaker Timing

Connection Circuit OF B10E + TM1600
Connection Circuit Ferruling

• Close Circuit 1
• +VE B10E \ TM1600 Input
• -VE B10E \ X0C 2
• TM1600 Close Coil Output \ X0C 1
Connection Circuit Ferruling

• Trip Circuit 1
• TM1600 Trip Coil Output \ X0C 4
• -VE B10E \ X0C 6

• Trip Circuit 2
• TM1600 Trip Coil Output \ X0C 7
• -VE B10E \ X0C 9
 Circuit Breaker Timing

Testing Procedures
DualGround Timing Test

Equipment Required
Injection Kit: TM1800 Circuit Breaker Analyzer System

DualGround Method
- No modifications required.
- Dynamic capacitance measurement (DCM) technique.
- Accessories: DCM + Ferrites
- Ferrites block high frequency
.
 Circuit Breaker Timing

DualGround Timing Example

 Earth Switch Timing

Testing Procedures
Measure Earth Switch Time

Equipment Required
Injection Kit: TM1600 + B10E

Earth Switch Timing

Connection Circuit OF B10E + TM1600

DS\ES Control Circuit

• +VE B10E \ TM1600 Input
• -VE B10E \ XD 34
• TM1600 Trip Coil Output \ XD 32
DS\ES Motor Circuit
• +VE B10E \ XD41
• -VE B10E \ XD42
 Line Disconnect Switch Timing

Testing Procedures
Measure Earth Switch Time

Equipment Required
Injection Kit: TM1600 + B10E

Earth Switch Timing

 Bus Disconnect Switch Timing

Testing Procedures
Measure Bus Disconnect Time

Equipment Required
Injection Kit: TM1600 + B10E

Bus Disconnect Timing

 10 KV Test For Earth Switch

Testing Procedures
Measure Leakage Current

Equipment Required
Injection Kit: DELTA4010
 Instrument Transformers

Current Transformer Voltage Transformer

VTs
CTs
 CTs and VTs: Testing Challenges

• GIS configuration dependent

• Access to primary terminals of individual elements

Access to sections only through grounding terminals

• Interlocks.

• Protection scheme
Bus differential
Current Transformer Test
Current Transformer Test
 Current Transformer Test

Testing Procedures
Insulation Resistance Test

Equipment Required
Injection Kit: MRCT
 Current Transformer Test

Insulation Resistance Test

 Current Transformer Test

Insulation Resistance Test

Primary to Ground and Primary to Secondary
Internal \ External installation
 Current Transformer Test

Testing a CT with a MRCT - Connection

 Current Transformer Test

Testing a CT with a MRCT - Connection

 Current Transformer Test

Testing Procedures
- Secondary Winding Resistance
- Saturation (Excitation Current)
 Current Transformer Test

Testing Procedures
- TTR and Polarity
 Connecting to an MRCT

PowerDB Software
 Connecting to an MRCT

PowerDB Software
 Current Transformer Test

PowerDB Software
 Current Transformer Test

MRCT Nameplate Window

Which is better MRCT or CT Analyzer?
CT Characteristics Test 

•Use CT Analyzer to test CT  

Characteristics.

•Connection on CT Analyzer will be
same as the shown figure.

•Repeat the test for the other phases

and the other secondary cores.

•Refer to CT Analyzer manual to find

how to use CT Analyzer & how to  
enter CT Data
 Current Transformer Test

Testing Procedures
Primary Injection Test

Equipment Required
Injection Kit: LET-2000-RD
 Primary Injection Test

• Core Identification Test:

– In this test we confirm the CT secondary connection.
– Inject low current (for example: 50A).
– Use small jumper to short the CT secondary, the measurement will be gone at
panel.
– Repeat this test for all phases and cores.

• Short & Isolate Facility Test:

– In this test we confirm the CT short & isolate facility for correct connection.
– Inject low current (for example: 50A).
– Short CT links then Isolate the external wiring to confirm CT circuit will not be
opened.
 Primary Injection Test

• Single Earth Point Test:

– For all CT Loops, each loop must have only one earth point, otherwise secondary
current will be divided.
– Open all earth point in the loop, check with buzzer that there is no earth link is
closed, then close only one point.
– For all protection & measurement CTs, Close the earth point in the nearest point
to the CT.
– For High Impedance Differential Protection, Close the earth point in the nearest
point to the Relay.

• Primary Injection Test:

– After confirming all previous steps, CT is ready now to the
primary injection test.
– Use the ODEN AT kit to inject high current
(for example: 500A).
– Measure the secondary current in all loop up to the
end of this loop
Voltage Transformer Test
 Voltage Transformers

Inductive Voltage Transformer Capacitive Voltage Transformer

Electromagnetic with - Capacitive Voltage Divider -

Low Power Rating Plus Electromagnetic type
May Have One or - Used in EHV Application -
More Secondary because of low cost
Voltage Transformer Test
Voltage Transformer Test
 Voltage Transformer Test

Testing Procedures
- Ratio and Polarity
 Voltage Transformer Test

Testing Procedures
Insulation Resistance Test
Secondary to Ground

Equipment Required
Injection Kit: MRCT
 Voltage Transformer Test

Testing a VT with a MRCT - Connection

 Voltage Transformer Test

Testing Procedures
- Secondary Winding Resistance
 Voltage Transformer Test

Testing Procedures
- Ratio and Polarity
PD in GIS
Simplified cross section of a GIS
PD in GIS
Simplified cross section of a GIS
• Homogenous electrical field by design
• Electrical field strength below critical field strength
PD in GIS
Simplified cross section of a GIS
• Inhomogeneous electrical field due to imperfection
• Electrical field strength above critical field strength
• Partial discharge inception
PD in GIS
Partial discharge emit energy as
• electromagnetic emissions, in the form of radio waves
• Acoustic emissions in the audible and ultrasonic ranges
• Chemical byproducts

PD signal indicate an imperfection

PD Signal Propagation
• PD activity emits transient electromagnetic waves
• GIS enclosure acts as a wave guide
• Broad band signal
• Complexes signal propagation
PD Signal Propagation
• Wide band measurement is required to achieve a good
sensitivity in the entire GIS
• Multiple UHF sensors are required
• UHF sensors act like antenna and convert the
electromagnetic wave to a voltage
UHF Sensors
External Flange Sensors (EFS)
• Usage of unshielded spacer
• Retrofitting without opening of GIS
• Low sensitivity
UHF Sensors
Window Sensors (WS)
• Usage of inspection windows
windows diameter > 60mm

• Retrofitting without opening of GIS

• Low sensitivity
UHF Sensors
Integrated / embedded UHF sensors
• frequency range 200mHZ to 2GHZ
• Best signal to noise ratio
• installed during the manufacture process
• Often provided by GIS manufacture
GIS PD Testing - UHF
GIS PD Testing - UHF
Sensitivity Verification
Sensitivity check in site
• Injection of voltage signal in
UHF sensor
• Check of sensors in surrounding
area
• Check every measurement path
of the system
Sensitivity Verification
Acceptance criteria
• Each sensor needs to pick up at
least one
• At least one measurement through
each part of the GIS
• The sensitivity verification confirms
that given measurement setup is
capable of detecting all PD impulses
of 5pC or above
UHF Sensors
Integrated / embedded UHF sensors
• frequency range 200mHZ to 2GHZ
• Best signal to noise ratio
• installed during the manufacture process
• Often provided by GIS manufacture
 GIS Equipment

Disconnector
Voltage Transformer

Current Transformer
Circuit Breaker
 Current Transformer Testing

Testing Procedures Equipment Required

 Equipment Required

.Multimeter

:Primary Injection Kit

CT Analyzer Insulation Resistance tester

 .Megger
 Current Transformer Testing Procedure

1. Insulation resistance test

2. CT Resistance, Excitation curve, Polarity test Ratio

3. Primary Injection Test

 Circuit Breaker Timing

Testing Procedures
CHECKING OF OPERATION AND INDICATIONS LCC
 Circuit Breaker Timing

Testing Procedures
CHECKING OF OPERATION AND INDICATIONS LCC
 Circuit Breaker Timing

Testing Procedures
CHECKING OF OPERATION AND INDICATIONS CR
 Circuit Breaker Timing

Testing Procedures
CHECKING OF OPERATION AND INDICATIONS CR
 Circuit Breaker Timing

Testing Procedures
CHECKING OF OPERATION AND INDICATIONS FMK
 Circuit Breaker Timing

Testing Procedures
CHECKING OF OPERATION AND INDICATIONS FMK