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Introduction To Structural Analysis

This document provides an introduction to structural analysis. It discusses the historical background of structural engineering from ancient structures like the Egyptian pyramids to modern developments. Structural analysis is defined as predicting a structure's performance under loads. Key steps in structural engineering projects include planning, preliminary design, load estimation, structural analysis to determine stresses and deflections, and design revisions if needed. Structures can be classified based on their structural behavior like tension, compression, trusses, shear, or bending. Analytical models are used to represent structures for analysis, accounting for elements like connections and supports.

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CB Cañete
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
52 views

Introduction To Structural Analysis

This document provides an introduction to structural analysis. It discusses the historical background of structural engineering from ancient structures like the Egyptian pyramids to modern developments. Structural analysis is defined as predicting a structure's performance under loads. Key steps in structural engineering projects include planning, preliminary design, load estimation, structural analysis to determine stresses and deflections, and design revisions if needed. Structures can be classified based on their structural behavior like tension, compression, trusses, shear, or bending. Analytical models are used to represent structures for analysis, accounting for elements like connections and supports.

Uploaded by

CB Cañete
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
CE 414: Structural Theory 1 (Analysis of Statically
Determinate Structures)
ENGR. RUDERICO M. ENDRIANO JR
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
 Historical Backgrounds
 Role of Structural Analysis in Structural Engineering
Projects
 Classification of Structures

 Analytical Models
WHAT IS STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS?
Structural Analysis is the
prediction of the performance
of a given structure under
prescribed loads and/or other
external effects, such as
support movements and
temperature changes.
The performance characteristics commonly of interest in
the design of structures are:
1. Stresses or stress resultants such as axial forces, shear
forces, and bending moments.
2. Deflections
3. Support Reactions
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Since the dawn of history, structural engineering has been
an essential part of human endeavour. However, it was not
until about the middle of seventeenth century that
engineers began applying the knowledge of mechanics
(mathematics and science) in designing structures.
Egyptian Pyramids
(about 3000 B.C.)
Greek Temples
(500-200 BC)
Roman Coliseums and
Aqueducts
(200 BC – 200 AD)
Gothic Cathedrals
(AD 1000 – 1500)
Galileo Galilei (1564–
1642) is generally
considered to be the
originator of the theory of
structures. In his book
entitled Two New Sciences,
which was published in
1638, Galileo analysed the
failure of some simple
structures, including
cantilever beams.
Robert Hooke (1635–
1703), developed the law
of linear relationships
between the force and
deformation of materials
(Hooke’s law);
Sir Isaac Newton (1642–
1727), who formulated
the laws of motion and
developed calculus.
John Bernoulli (1667–
1748), who formulated the
principle of virtual work
Leonhard Euler
(1707–1783), who
developed the theory of
buckling of columns
C. A. de Coulomb (1736–
1806), who presented the
analysis of bending of
elastic beams.
MODERN THEORY OF STRENGTH OF
MATERIALS
B. P. Clapeyron (1799–
1864), who formulated the
three-moment equation for
the analysis of continuous
beams;
J. C. Maxwell (1831–
1879), who presented the
method of consistent
deformations and the law of
reciprocal deflections
Otto Mohr (1835–1918),
who developed the
conjugate-beam method for
calculation of deflections
and Mohr’s circles of stress
and strain
Alberto Castigliano
(1847–1884), who
formulated
the theorem of least work.
C. E. Greene (1842–1903),
who developed the
moment-area method;
H. Mu¨ller-Breslau (1851–
1925), who presented
a principle for constructing
influence lines.
G. A. Maney (1888–
1947), who developed the
slope-deflection method,
which is considered
to be the precursor of the
matrix stiffness method.
Hardy Cross
(1885–1959), who developed the
moment-distribution method in 1924.
The moment-distribution method
provided engineers with a simple
iterative procedure for analysing
highly statically indeterminate
structures.

This method, which was the most


widely used by structural engineers
during the period from about 1930 to
1970, contributed significantly to
their understanding of the behaviour
of statically indeterminate frames.
The availability of
computers in the 1950s
revolutionized structural
analysis. Because the
computer could solve large
systems of simultaneous
equations, analyses that took
days and sometimes weeks
in the pre-computer era
could now be performed in
seconds
.
ROLE OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS IN
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING PROJECTS
Structural Engineering
Structural Engineering is the science and art of planning,
designing, and constructing safe, and economical structures
that will serve their intended purposes.
PHASES OF A TYPICAL STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING PROJECT
Planning Phase
The planning phase usually involves the establishment of
the functional requirements of the proposed structure, the
general layout and dimensions of the structure,
consideration of the possible types of structures(e.g. rigid
frame or truss) that may be feasible and the types of
materials to be used (e.g. structural steel or reinforced
concrete).
Preliminary Structural Design
In the preliminary structural design phase, the sizes of the
various members of the structural system selected in the
planning phase are estimated based on the approximate
analysis, past experience, and code requirements. The
member sizes thus selected are used in the next phase to
estimate the weight of the structures.
Estimation of Loads
Estimation of loads involves the determination of all loads
that can be expected to act on the structure.
Structural Analysis
In structural analysis, the values of the loads are used to
carry out an analysis of the structure in order to determine
the stresses or stress resultants in the members and the
deflections at the various points of the structure.
Safety and Serviceability Checks.
The results of the analysis are used to determine whether or
not the structure satisfies the safety and serviceability
requirements of the design codes. If these requirements are
satisfied, then the design drawings and the construction
specifications are prepared, and the construction phase
begins.
Revised Structural Design.
If the code requirements are not satisfied, then the member
sizes are revised, and phases 3 to 5 are repeated until all the
safety and serviceability requirements are satisfied.
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
Tension Structures
Compression Structures
Trusses
Shear Structures
Bending Structures
ANALYTICAL MODELS
Connections
Supports

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