EMERGING TRENDS IN

SENSOR APPLICATION IN
INDUSTRIAL SCENARIO
Presented By

Dr. Bikash Das

Department of Electrical Engineering
Govt. College of Engineering and Textile Technology,
Berhampore
TOPIC TO BE DISCUSSED
 Definition of Sensor
 Function of Sensor
 Need of Sensor
 Type of Sensor
 Classification of Sensor
 Application of Sensor
 Conclusion
 Future trends
WHAT IS SENSOR ?
A sensor is a input device that detects and responds to some
type of input from the physical environment (such as light,
heat, motion, moisture, pressure, or any one of a great
number of other environmental phenomena) and generates
a signal that is converted to human-readable display at the
sensor location or transmitted electronically over a
network for reading or further processing. 
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS
OF SENSOR?
 Detect Physical response
 Response to the change of the input response
 Convert the input response into human-readable or
electrical/electronically transmittable signal
NEED OF SENSOR
To Sense / Detect the input physical response

To convert the change in input response into human

readable or electrical/electronically transmitted data

Help the controller to take necessary action based on

input from sensors

Help the controller to make perfect decision

Help the system to be automated

HUMAN SENSOR SYSTEM
ARTIFICIAL SENSOR
Sensor are made of different materials ,
 Metalic sensor
 Chemical sensor
 Semiconductor
 Bio sensor
 Optical sensor
 Electo-magnetic
 etc
TYPE OF SENSORS
 1. Temperature Sensor
 2. Proximity Sensor
 3. Infrared Sensor
 4. Light Sensor
 5. Accelerometer sensor
 6. Pressure Sensor
 7. Ultrasonic Sensor
 8. Touch Sensor
 9. Smoke, Gas, Alcohol
 10. Humidity Sensor
 11. Flow and level sensor
 12. Tilt Sensor
SENSORS MEASURE THE FOLLOWING
PROPERTIES
2. 3. Sound
1. Distance 4. Pressure 5. Proximity
Temperature Intensity

6. Speed 7. Velocity 8. Torque 9. Tilt 10.Oxygen

11. 12. RF
13.Altitude 14. Motion 15. Crushing
Acceleration Radiation

16. 20. Hydro

17. Flow 18. Level 19. Force
Conductivity Carbon

21. Microwave Radiation and many more

TECHNOLOGIES USED BY SENSORS
4. Electro
1. Acoustic 2. Capacitive 3. Doppler
Magnetic

5. Electro-
6. Thermistor 7. Hall effect 8. Inductance
Mechanical

9. Infrared 10. Laser 11. Microwave 12. Optic

13. Radiofrequency 14. Ultrasonic 15. Giant Magento resistance (GMR)

CLASSIFICATION OF SENSORS
 Based on different aspect sensors may be classified as
followed
 In the first classification of the sensors, they are divided in
to Active and Passive.
 Based on detection used:
Electric,
Biological,
Chemical,
Radioactive
etc.
CONTD.
 Based on conversion phenomenon
Photoelectric
Thermoelectric
 Electrochemical
 Electromagnetic
Thermooptic
etc.
 Based on nature of signal
Analog
Digital
COMMONLY USED SENSORS
 The following is a list of different types of sensors that are
commonly used in various applications.
 All these sensors are used for measuring one of the physical
properties like Temperature, Resistance, Capacitance,
Conduction, Heat Transfer etc.
 Temperature Sensor
 Proximity Sensor
 Accelerometer
 IR Sensor (Infrared Sensor)
 Pressure Sensor
 Light Sensor
 Ultrasonic Sensor
CONTD.
 Smoke, Gas and Alcohol Sensor
 Touch Sensor
 Color Sensor
 Humidity Sensor
 Position Sensor
 Magnetic Sensor (Hall Effect Sensor)
 Microphone (Sound Sensor)
 Tilt Sensor
 Flow and Level Sensor
 PIR Sensor
 Touch Sensor
 Strain and Weight Sensor
APPLICATION OF SENSOR
APPLICATION OF SENSOR FOR
AUTOMATED CAR
CONTD.
 Here are some of the automotive applications of sensors
given below:
 Braking and Traction control
 Air Bags – Anti Cushion Restraint System (ACRS)
 Avoiding Collisions
 Comfort and Convenience
 Engine Data
 Etc.
AVIATION
MEDICAL & HEALTHCARE
Some of the applications are:
 Blood pressure monitoring (self).
 Continuous glucose monitoring by Individuals.
 Automatic measurement of vitals of the patient and
sending it to the patient’s doctor.
 More home care facilities and ambulatory treatments.
 Automatic detection of visitors spreading the disease to
patients in hospitals.
 Decentralized laboratories.
 Robotics in Operation Theater.
MANUFACTURING
Here are some of the manufacturing applications of sensors
given below:
 Predictive maintenance of the machinery, Assembly equipment
using the data collected from sensors in the machines.
 Optimal utilization of Machines by continuously monitoring
the performances and effectively operations with the data
collected from sensors.
 Fine-tuning the Quality systems and enhance the quality
standards using the data collected from sensors. Design
notifications and alerts in case of a deterioration of quality and
process standards.
 Agility in reacting to market demands.
MARINE
 Sensors in ship measures fuel tank levels, liquid cargo
levels, tank pressure/temperature. Pitch, roll, speed and
other vessel moments are also measured and monitored
with sensors’ help. There are a lot of sensors in Engines
measuring typical attributes of internal combustion
parameters.
AGRICULTURE
SENSOR IN OUR DAILY LIFE
 Mobile
 Train
 Traffic Signal
 Electrical protection devices
 Computer/Laptop
 Automatic pumping system
 Etc.
SENSOR USED IN MOBILE
ELECTRICAL SENSORS
 Relay
 CT
 PT
 MCB
 Fuse
CONCLUSION
 Sensors are the integral part of automatic system
 Sensor helps to make right decisions.
 Sensor provide feedback to the system.
 Sensor makes the system more perfect.
 Sensor makes process easier.
 Sensor makes our life more comfortable.
FUTURE OF SENSOR
 IoT adoption by Industries is taking the usage of
sensors’ applications to the next level.
 The data generated by sensors and collected in the
database through the IoT application presents a
valuable asset to the organization, and people.
 Sensor is going to be an important part in the
modern automatic system.
REFERENCES
 https://www.educba.com/applications-of-sensors /
 https://www.electronicshub.org/different-types-se
nsors
/
 https://esenssys.com/applications/industrial /
 https://
www.plantautomation-technology.com/articles/ty
pes-of-sensors-used-in-industrial-automation
 https://
nap.nationalacademies.org/read/4782/chapter/7#
34
 https://
nap.nationalacademies.org/read/4782/chapter/7#
34

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TEMPERATURE SENSOR
 A temperature sensor is a device that detects whether a
substance is hot or cold.
 The device could be a thermocouple or a resistance
temperature detector, which gives temperature measurement in
the readable form via an electrical signal.
THERMOCOUPLES:
 Due to the wide temperature operating range,
reliability, accuracy, simplicity, and sensitivity
thermocouples are considered as one of the most
common temperature sensors.
 A thermocouple is made up of two dissimilar
metals, such as copper and constantan. One of
these junctions, known as the Cold junction, and
another junction is called Hot junction.
 A cold junction is always kept at a specific
(constant) temperature, while the other end, the
hot junction, is the measuring junction.
 A voltage drop is developed across the junction on
being subjected to temperature
THERMISTORS:
 Thermistors are extremely small devices.
 It consists of a sensing element that can be glass or
epoxy coated, as well as two wires that link to an
electric circuit.
 Temperature is determined by measuring the
change in resistance of an electric current.
RESISTIVE TEMPERATURE DETECTORS (RTD)

 RTD sensor is made up of either platinum, copper,

or nickel.
 RTDs have a reliable resistance vs. temperature
relationship and operate between –200°C and
+850°C.
 RTDs have a resistor that changes the value of the
resistor according to the value of temperature
changes.
NON-CONTACT TYPE TEMPERATURE
SENSORS
 Infrared (IR) Temperature Sensors
 IR temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature
of a moving object.
 We cannot use a contact-based temperature sensor on a
moving object.
 IR sensors are used to detect the temperature of moving
objects such as tires, brakes, etc.
 Optical Pyrometer

 It is a temperature measurement sensor used to detect

the temperature of molten metals, furnaces, and in some
cases liquids too.
 It is a prime example of a non-contact temperature
sensor.
 LM35 is a classic Analog Temperature Sensor.
 DS18B20 is a simple Digital Temperature Sensor.
 Temperature Sensors are used everywhere like
computers, mobile phones, automobiles, air
conditioning systems, industries etc.