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Structures and UNION C Programing

Structures allow storing heterogeneous data under a unique name. They contain member variables of different data types. Structures are declared using the struct keyword and terminated with a semicolon. Structure variables are accessed using the dot operator. Arrays can also be included as members of a structure. Unions are similar to structures but can only store data in one member field at a time. The size of a union is the size of its largest member. Unions contain different data types but only one member can be accessed at once. They are declared using the union keyword and members are accessed using the dot operator like structures.

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36 views

Structures and UNION C Programing

Structures allow storing heterogeneous data under a unique name. They contain member variables of different data types. Structures are declared using the struct keyword and terminated with a semicolon. Structure variables are accessed using the dot operator. Arrays can also be included as members of a structure. Unions are similar to structures but can only store data in one member field at a time. The size of a union is the size of its largest member. Unions contain different data types but only one member can be accessed at once. They are declared using the union keyword and members are accessed using the dot operator like structures.

Uploaded by

NandiniAgarwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRUCTURES

& UNIONS
WHAT IS A Structure ?
 Structure is user defined data type which
is used to store heterogeneous data under
unique name. Keyword 'struct' is used to
declare structure.
 1. Structure is always terminated with
semicolon (;).
 2. Structure name as emp_info can be
later used to declare structure variables of
its type in a program.
General format -
 struct emp_info
{
char emp_id[10];
char nm[100];
float sal;
}emp;
• Aceessing Structure Members :

Structure members can be accessed using


member operator '.' . It is also called as
'dot operator’.

 structure_var.member;
struct emp_info
{
char emp_id[10];
char nm[100];
float sal;
}; struct emp_info emp;
Array in Structures :

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
 struct result
{
int rno, mrks[5];
char nm;
}res;
 
void main()
{
int i,total;
clrscr();
total = 0;
printf("\n\t Enter Roll Number : ");
scanf("%d",&res.rno);
printf("\n\t Enter Marks of 3 Subjects : ");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&res.mrks[i]);
total = total + res.mrks[i];
}
printf("\n\n\t Roll Number : %d",res.rno);
printf("\n\n\t Marks are :");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
printf(" %d",res.mrks[i]);
}
printf("\n\n\t Total is : %d",total);
getch();
}
OUTPUT-

Enter Roll Number : 1


Enter Marks of 3 Subjects : 63 66 68

Roll Number : 1
Marks are : 63 66 68
Total is : 197_
WHAT IS A UNION ?
A union, is a collection of variables of
different types, just like a structure.
However, with unions, you can only
store information in one field at any
one time.
 General format of union : -

union union_name
{
<data-type> element 1;
<data-type> element 2;
<data-type> element 3;
}union_variable;
 ACCESSING UNION FIELDS -
To access the fields of a union, use the dot
“operator(.)” just as you would for a structure.

union abc
{
int id;
char name;
float sal;
} a;
 a. id
 a.name

 a.sal
 The main difference between structure and union
is --
The size of the structure is sum of the size of each
member in the struchture.but size of the union is size
of Largest member in the union.

 Usage

 Unions not used nearly as much as structures.


 Size of union is size of its biggest member.
 Unions contain different types of structures.
Program-

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
 
union techno
{
int id;
char nm[50];
}tch;
 
 
void main()
{
clrscr();
printf("\n\t Enter developer id : ");
scanf("%d", &tch.id);
printf("\n\n\t Enter developer name : ");
scanf("%s", tch.nm);
printf("\n\n Developer ID : %d", tch.id);//Garbage
printf("\n\n Developed By : %s", tch.nm);
getch();
}
 
OUTPUT-

Enter developer id : 101

Enter developer name : technowell


THANKYOU

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