English L2

International
Markets
Objectives

 Learn vocabulary related to the topic

 Refresh / learn vocabulary related to negotiations;
making suggestions
 Grammar: review of conditionals
 Improve reading-comprehension
 Improve listening-comprehension
 Practice oral skills
 Test yourselves
Questions – Starting Up
The sentences below represent a variety of views on international markets. Complete the
sentences with the words in the box. Which of the following statements do you agree
with? Why?

companies competition environment gap opportunities poverty

prices standards unemployment workers

‘International markets for labor, capital, goods and services…

1. provide opportunities for people to work/study abroad and improve their lives.’
2. increase ________ and improve the choice of goods and services.’
3. create ________ and lead to job losses in richer countries.’
4. reduce ________ and increase wealth everywhere.’
5. exploit ________ in poorer countries.’
6. widen the ________ between rich and poor nations.’
7. mean lower costs and cheaper retail ________, which benefit consumers.’
8. give large multinational ________ and trading blocs too much power.’
9. lead to damage to the natural ________, local cultures, and industries.’
10. promote higher ________ of living, working conditions.’
 1. How has the development of international markets
affected:
 you as a consumer?

Starting Up  your company/institution?

How has the  your country?

development of 2. How do you think international markets will

international develop in the future?

markets affected:
Answers may vary based on your own opinions and
experiences.
International
Markets
UNIT 9, VOCABULARY, PAGES 83-84
 Questions – Vocabulary: Free Trade
Complete the text with the words and phrases in the box.
Page 75.

Barriers open borders free port developing industries dumping tariffs strategic industries
restrictions quotas laissez-faire liberalize (se) customs deregulation subsidize (se)
regulations
Open markets (Trade with restrictions on the movement of goods, i.e. import taxes)
(Trade without restrictions on the movement of goods) 6. Barriers
7. …
1. Open borders 8. …
2. … 9. …
3. … 10. …
4. … 11. …
5. … 12. …
13. …
14. …
15. …
Protected markets
 Questions – Vocabulary
Match the sentence halves.
Exercise F, page 84

1.We’re trying to break into a)allregulations if you want the delivery to go

2.You should carry out through without problems
3.If you would like to place b)the delivery date, let us know as soon as
4.If you can’t meet possible
5.They’ve quoted c)insurance cover for the shipment
6.Let us know if you want us to arrange d)a market survey before you make a major
7.It’s essential to comply with investment
e)the Japanese market
f)an order, press one now
g)us a very good price for the consumer
Questions – Vocabulary
Discuss the questions.
Page 84.

1. To what extent do you have free trade in your country?

2. Should certain industries in your country be protected? If so, which ones? Why?
3. Is free trade always a good thing, in your opinion?

Answers may vary based on your own opinions and experiences.

Reading
Reading 1
AMERICANS PAYING THE PRICE OF TRUMP'S TARIFFS
 Questions

True or False? Quote a line from the text to support your answer.

 The research mentioned in the text supports President Trump’s statement that the United States is "taxing
the hell out of China."
 Tariffs led to an increase in imports.

Answer the questions:

1. How are companies trying to avoid the levies?

2. Why did tariffs have little impact on China? Support your answer with an example from the text.
3. Why were the benefits (=fr. avantages) that tariffs offered American companies outweighed (outweigh = be
more significant; exceed; fr. emporter sur, depasser, etre plus important que) by the costs (= fr.
inconvenients)?
4. Why did American businesses have less success passing on the costs of the tariffs to Chinese importers?
Reading 2
ATTEMPTS TO BOOST FLAGGING GDP GROWTH HINDERED BY COVID
LOCKDOWNS, UKRAINE WAR AND SINO-US TENSIONS
Questions

True/False

Sales have increased by 11% in the past year.

The GDP growth rate forecast for this year is 5.5%

Employment is one of the key problems facing the Chinese economy in 2022.

Unemployment rate has been stuck at 6.1% since February 2020.

The short-term problems preventing China from opening up its markets is threefold.

Find opposites to these words in the article

To struggle to cut sharp remotely stringent to rise a quick fix

Reading 3
NEW ZEALAND SAYS U.K. TRADE DEAL BOOSTS ECONOMY AT CRUCIAL TIME
 Complete the article with the words in the box. Then answer the questions.

 
Secured; implemented; exports; diversify; tariffs; force; free-trade;
trade; gross domestic product (GDP); recover;

Questions:
Why is the agreement beneficial for New Zealand?
 
True or False?
All tariffs will be removed by the UK as soon as the agreement comes into force.
This agreement will contribute to an increase of New Zealand’s GDP.
Complete the article with the words in the box. Then answer the questions. Key

Answers:

1. free-trade agreement
2. diversify
3. recover
4. secured
5. exports
6. force
7. tariffs
8. implemented
9. Gross Domestic Product
10. trade
International Markets
UNIT 9, LANGUAGE REVIEW, PAGE 86
 Language Review – Conditions
Page 86
(Grammar Reference, page 150)

1. First Conditional
 We use the first conditional when we think the expected outcome of a situation is very likely.
If you give us a 10% discount, we’ll place a firm order of 2,000 units. (This is a promise.)
If you don’t deliver on time, we won’t order from you again. (This is a threat.)
Will you give us a discount if we double our order?
2. Second Conditional
 We use the second conditional when the outcome is less certain or is imaginary. We also use it in negotiations to
make the offer or proposal less direct.
If you gave us a 5% discount, we would place a much bigger order.
If they didn’t have a guaranteed market, their business wouldn’t survive.
What discount would you offer us if we decided to go to another supplier?
 Questions – Language Review: Conditions
Choose the correct verbs to complete the sentences. Exercise A, page 86.

1. If you give us /’ll give us a discount of 5%, we’ll place / place a firm order.
2. Will you deliver / Do you deliver by November if we pay/’ll pay the transport costs?
3. If you will lower / lower your price by 5%, we buy / ’ll buy at least 4,000 units.
4. Would / Does it help you if we sent / are sending the goods by air?
5. If you aren’t improving / don’t improve your delivery times, we’ll have / had to find a new supplier.
6. If we will join / joined an association of producers, we would get / will get a better price for our coffee.
 Language Review – Conditions
Additional Resources and Exercises

1. First Conditional
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/first-conditional.html

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/first-conditional-exercise-1.html

2. Second Conditional
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/second-conditional.html

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/second-conditional-exercise-1.html

Grammar Reference, page 150 in Intermediate Market Leader Student Book

Protectionism vs. Free Trade
  What is protectionism?
 How beneficial is it?
 What are the tools of protectionism? / How is it
implemented?

Introduction  Define ‘import tariffs’, ‘import quotas’, and

‘subsidies’.
 What is free trade?
  Protectionism is a defensive, often politically-motivated,
policy intended to shield / protect a country’s businesses,
industries, and workers from foreign competition through
the imposition of trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas
 on imported goods and services, along with other
government regulations. Protectionism is considered to be
the opposite of free trade, which is the total absence of
government restrictions on trade.
Protectionism  Traditionally, governments employ four main methods of
implementing protectionist policies: import tariffs, import
quotas, product standards, and subsidies.
 Free trade—the opposite of protectionism—is a policy of
completely unrestricted trade between countries.
 Source:
https://www.thoughtco.com/protectionism-definition-and-e
xamples-4571027
  Tariffs
 The most commonly applied protectionist practices, tariffs, also
called “duties,” are taxes charged on specific imported goods. Since
tariffs are paid by the importers, the price of imported goods in local
markets is increased. The idea of tariffs is to make the imported
product less attractive to consumers than the same locally produced
product, thus protecting the local business and its workers.
 Import Quotas
Protectionism  Trade quotas are “non-tariff” trade barriers that limit the number of a
specific product that can be imported over a set period of time.
tools Limiting the supply of a certain imported product, while increasing
prices paid by consumers, allows local producers a chance to improve
their position in the market by filling the unmet demand. 
 Government Subsidies
 Subsidies are direct payments or low-interest loans given by
governments to local producers to help them compete in the global
market. In general, subsidies lower production costs enabling
producers to make a profit at lower price levels. 
Video work

 1. Free trade vs. Protectionism

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ITyd1Pzek0
 2. How do tariffs work?
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKCMnCZyxiQ
  In earnest = more intensely than before
 Repeal = revoke, annul, cancel
Vocabulary  Swathe = broad strip / area of sth

Video 1  Go to the wall = collapse, fail

 Attendant = related, connected
 Downside - antonym: benefit, advantage
  Answer the questions below:

 PART 1 – up to min. 3:42

 What is ‘mercantilism’?

Video 1  What is ‘economic autarky’?

Free trade vs. Protectionism  Who was the first philosopher & economist who challenged
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v mercantilism? What was his point of view?
=5ITyd1Pzek0  According to Adam Smith, how could a country’s wealth grow?

 PART 2 - from min. 3:42 – up to 6:26

 How was Adam Smith’s theory put in practice and what were the
consequences?
 What should be done to mitigate the negative effects / the
downsides of applying free trade theories?
  How do tariffs work? What are duties or customs duties?
 Why do we have tariffs if they cost so much money? Give two
reasons mentioned in the video.
 Who generally pays for the increase in costs of products due
Video 2 – How to tariffs?
 What are the biggest items the U.S. exports to China?
do tariffs work?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v  What do most economists agree on regarding import tariffs in
=LKCMnCZyxiQ the U.S.? Explain by giving one example (company or
product) mentioned in the video.

 [kick up= become more active or noticeable;

 Stand one’s ground = refuse to change the opinion
 Retaliate = fight back
 Scramble to see = hurry to see]
Speaking -
International Markets
UNIT 9, CASE STUDY QUESTIONS, PAGE 89
 Questions
Read the background on page 89. Then complete the following task. Page 89.

You are negotiating as either:

 The Pampas Leather team (Roberto Gonzalez and his Marketing Director): Turn to page 138.
 The West Coast Apparel team (Brad Schulz and his Marketing Director): Turn to page 142.

Read your information files, identify your priorities and work out your strategy and tactics. How
would you negotiate the best deal?
As the owner of either Pampas Leather Company or West Coast Apparel, what would be the main
points agreed upon during the negotiation?

Answers may vary based on your own opinions and experiences.

Vocabulary for
negotiations
Making suggestions

One possibility would be to…….

Perhaps we should / could (just)…….

how about + verb followed by ‘ing’….. /

what about + verb followed by ‘ing’….. ? (e.g. How about organizing fewer meetings?)
Shall we try to ….?

What if…..?
Rejecting suggestions

That’s a good idea, but I’m not sure it would work (to be honest / to be
frank)…..

Good suggestion, but I can see one or two problems with that to be honest
/ honestly / to be frank / frankly speaking.

I’m not really sure about that.

Accepting suggestions

Right, I can see what you mean.

Yes, that might be worth trying.
Ok, let’s do that.
That’s not a bad idea.
Yes, I think that could work really well.
Good / great idea!
Look at the groups of
phrases for negotiations and
add a label for each of
them. Choose from:

 Bargain / make a deal

 Close the deal
 Make proposals
 Respond to a
proposal
Role-play - Negotiations

 Work in teams of 4; choose your roles (2 students in each team).

 Read the role cards carefully. Take 10 min to prepare for negotiations with your partner.
 Negotiate for 10 minutes (one of you should keep time). Use some of the vocabulary for
negotiations we discussed in this lesson and Conditionals.
Test
yourselves

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND

 Quiz

 Come up with a word that means the following:

 - tax on goods coming into or going out of a country: tariff
 - direct payment made by the government to help an industry or business: subsidy
 - a limited number or quantity of something that is officially allowed: quota
 Name at least 3 advantages of Free Trade Agreements: reduced tariffs, increased GDP, more competition, increased
exports, increased investments, access to lower priced goods, etc.
 Correct the following sentences:
 If I was you, I would get a new job.
 If she weren’t always so late she would be promoted.
 I won’t go if you didn’t come with me.
 Who generally pays for the increase in costs of products due to tariffs? The customers.
 Give a synonym for “bargaining”: negotiating