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Maxima and Minima

1. The document discusses methods for finding the maxima and minima of functions of two or more variables, including: - Taking partial derivatives and setting them equal to zero to find critical points - Using the second partial derivatives test to determine if critical points are maxima, minima or saddle points 2. It provides an example problem and solution to find the maxima and minima of the function f(x,y)=x^3+3x^2y using this method. 3. The document also discusses Lagrange multipliers, a method for finding maxima and minima of functions subject to equality constraints. It provides the general steps and an example problem solving for the maximum value of a

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Nitin Grover
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716 views

Maxima and Minima

1. The document discusses methods for finding the maxima and minima of functions of two or more variables, including: - Taking partial derivatives and setting them equal to zero to find critical points - Using the second partial derivatives test to determine if critical points are maxima, minima or saddle points 2. It provides an example problem and solution to find the maxima and minima of the function f(x,y)=x^3+3x^2y using this method. 3. The document also discusses Lagrange multipliers, a method for finding maxima and minima of functions subject to equality constraints. It provides the general steps and an example problem solving for the maximum value of a

Uploaded by

Nitin Grover
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Maxima and minima

1 1 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
rule
As f(x,y) is given
step :1 find
step :2 Equate 0 0
these eqations for x and y
say A=(a b ),B=(a b )....are the solutions
step :3 find , ,
Working
f f
and
x y
f f
and
x y
solve
f f f
r s t
x x y y
o o
o o
o o
o o
= =
c c c
= = =
c c c c
at points A,B
2
2
2
2
there are different possibilities
1: rt-s 0 and r<0 maximum
2: rt-s 0 and r>0 minimum
3: rt-s 0 and whatewer be r saddle point
4: rt-s 0 further investigation is requared
Now
>
>
<
=
3 3
3 3
2 2
2 2
1: Determine the points where the function
x 3 has a minima or maxima
Sol: Let f(x,y)=x 3
3 3 and 3 3
3 3 0 and 3 3 0
simplification we get A=(0,0),B(a,a),C(
Q
y axy
y axy
f f
x ay y ax
x y
x ay y ax
on
o o
o o
+
+
= =
= =
2 2 2
2 2
a,-a)
But the point C not satisfy the function hence rejected
6 , 3 , 6
f f f
x a y
x x y y
c c c
= = =
c c c c
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
at point A(0,0)
rt-s 36 9 9 0
it is a saddle point
at point A(a,a)
rt-s 36 9 36 9 27 0
6 0
it is a minima
now
xy a a
so
xy a a a a
r a
so
= = <
= = = >
= >
Lagrange's methods
f(x,y,z) is given ,for which we have to find
out maxima and minima and (x,y,z) is the given
condition then
Step1: find out , ,
Step2: find out , ,
Lagrenge equations are

If
f f f
x y z
x y z
now
|
o o o
o o o
o| o| o|
o o o
0 ...1
0 ...2
0 ...3
f
x x
f
y y
f
z z
o o|

o o
o o|

o o
o o|

o o
+ =
+ =
+ =
condition (x,y,z)=0 find the value of
x,y,z, now put all these value in the
function f(x,y,z)
which gives the desire result
under the |

1: Find the maximum value of the function


u=x the condition ax+by+cz=p+q=r
Sol: u=x
log log log log
1

p q r
p q r
Q
y z under
y z
u p x q y r z
u p
u x x
u pu
x x
similarly
u qu u ru
y y z z
o
o
o
o
o o
o o
= + +
=
=
= =
( , , )
, ,
Lagrenges equations are
0
0
0
x y z ax by cz p q r
a b c
x y z
The
pu pu
a x
x a
qu qu
b y
y b
ru ru
c z
z c
|
o| o| o|
o o o

= + +
= = =

+ = =

+ = =

+ = =
put all these value in the condition,we get
similarly y= ,z=
these value in the function,we get
u=
p q r
now
apu bqu cru
p q r
a b c
u
pu p q r
x
a a b c
replace
p q r
a b c

= + +
=

= =
| | | | | |
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
2: Show that the ractangular solid of maximum
volume that can be inscribed in a sphere is a cube
Sol: Let 2x,2y,3z be the length,breadth and height
of the solid
let R be the radious of the
Q
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
sphere
volume of the solid V=8xyz
Equation of the sphere x +y +z =R
( , , ) x +y +z -R x y z | =
2
2
2
8 2 8yz+2x =0
8 2 8xz+2y =0
8 2 8xy+2z =0
multiply the equation by x,y,z
we get
8xyz=-2
8xyz=-2
8xyz=-2
V
yz x
x x
V
xz y
y y
V
xy z
z z
x
y
z
o o|

o o
o o|

o o
o o|

o o

= =
= =
= =
2 2 2
2 2 2
-2 x =-2 =-2
x = =
x=y=z
which is the required condition
of a cube
y z
y z

3 3
3 2 2 2
Determine the points where the
function has minima or maxima
1:f(x,y)=x +y -63(x+y)+12xy
2:f(x,y)=xy(a-x-y)
3:f(x,y)=x +3xy -15(x +y )+72x
Q4: A rectanguler box which is open at the
top has a capecity
3
of 256 cube m determine
the dimentions of the box such that the l
least material is required to construct it
2 2 2
Q5:find the volume of the largest
rectangular parelelopiped which can be
inscribed in a ellipsoied
Q6:Find the maximum and minimum
distance of the point (3,4,12) from the sphere
x +y +z =4

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