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Amit Kumar Srivastava

This document provides an overview of XML (eXtensible Markup Language) including its structure, purpose, and validation. XML was designed to store and transport data in a human- and machine-readable format. It has a root element, requires closed tags, and preserves whitespace. The document demonstrates creating an XML note with elements for to, from, heading, and body, and validating it using a DTD or XML schema.

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Adarsh Shukla
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
37 views

Amit Kumar Srivastava

This document provides an overview of XML (eXtensible Markup Language) including its structure, purpose, and validation. XML was designed to store and transport data in a human- and machine-readable format. It has a root element, requires closed tags, and preserves whitespace. The document demonstrates creating an XML note with elements for to, from, heading, and body, and validating it using a DTD or XML schema.

Uploaded by

Adarsh Shukla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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XML

AMIT KUMAR SRIVASTAVA


Structure of XML
basic rules to write XML document

• It should have a root element.


• All tags must be closed.
• Spaces are not allowed in tag names.
• All tags must be nested properly.
• XML tags are case sensitive.
• Use the attribute values within quotes.
• Whitespace is preserved in XML.
About XML
• XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language.
• XML was designed to store and transport data.
• XML was designed to be both human- and machine-
readable.
Note

• To: Amit

• From: AJAY

• Heading: Reminder

• Body: Don't forget me this weekend!


XML Code for note
• <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<note>
  <to>Amit</to>
  <from>Jani</from>
  <heading>Ajay</heading>
  <body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
Display
• note.xml
• <note>
   <to>Amit</to>
   <from>Ajay</from>
   <heading>Reminder</heading>
   <body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
Recall as summry
• XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language
• XML is a markup language much like HTML
• XML was designed to store and transport data
• XML was designed to be self-descriptive
• XML is a W3C Recommendation
• XML Does Not DO Anything
This note is a note to Amit from Ajay, stored as XML:

• <note>
  <to>Amit</to>
  <from>Ajay</from>
  <heading>Reminder</heading>
  <body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
About Note.xml
• The XML above is quite self-descriptive:

• It has sender information


• It has receiver information
• It has a heading
• It has a message body
XML Validation

• XML file can be validated by 2 ways:

• against DTD
• against XSD
• DTD (Document Type Definition) and XSD (XML Schema Definition)
are used to define XML structure.
employee.xml using DTD

• <?xml version="1.0"?>
• <!DOCTYPE employee SYSTEM "employee.dtd">
• <employee>
• <firstname>vimal</firstname>
• <lastname>jaiswal</lastname>
• <email>[email protected]</email>
• </employee>
XML Schema

• An XML Schema describes the structure of an XML document,


just like a DTD.
• An XML document with correct syntax is called "Well Formed".
• An XML document validated against an XML Schema is both
"Well Formed" and "Valid".
• XML Schemas are More Powerful than DTD
• XML Schemas are written in XML
• XML Schemas are extensible to additions
• XML Schemas support data types
• XML Schemas support namespaces
• <xs:element name="note">

<xs:complexType>
  <xs:sequence>
    <xs:element name="to" type="xs:string"/>
    <xs:element name="from" type="xs:string"/>
    <xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/>
    <xs:element name="body" type="xs:string"/>
  </xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>
• The Schema above is interpreted like this:
• <xs:element name="note"> defines the element called "note"
• <xs:complexType> the "note" element is a complex type
• <xs:sequence> the complex type is a sequence of elements
• <xs:element name="to" type="xs:string"> the element "to" is of type
string (text)
• <xs:element name="from" type="xs:string"> the element "from" is of
type string
• <xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"> the element "heading"
is of type string
• <xs:element name="body" type="xs:string"> the element "body" is of
type string
Quiz
• Is XML case sensitive?
• Can we use graphics in XML?
• Is XML meant to be a replacement of HTML?
Next day
• Tree
• Syntax
• Element
• Attribute

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