Scribd
Upload
82 views21 pages

Reporters

The document discusses Polya's four problem-solving principles: 1) understand the problem, 2) devise a plan, 3) carry out the plan, and 4) look back. It provides examples of applying each principle to the problem of determining how many cupcakes were eaten at a party given information about the number made and left over. Additionally, it outlines five common problem-solving strategies: trial and error, heuristics, gut instincts, working backward, and means-end analysis, providing a brief definition and example of each.

Uploaded by

Jan Allen Unatin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
82 views21 pages

Reporters

The document discusses Polya's four problem-solving principles: 1) understand the problem, 2) devise a plan, 3) carry out the plan, and 4) look back. It provides examples of applying each principle to the problem of determining how many cupcakes were eaten at a party given information about the number made and left over. Additionally, it outlines five common problem-solving strategies: trial and error, heuristics, gut instincts, working backward, and means-end analysis, providing a brief definition and example of each.

Uploaded by

Jan Allen Unatin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

REPORTERS

33. Unatin, Jan Allen B


34. Victoriano, Luis Gabriel T.
35. Vidal, Ruel B.
36. Villaflor, Glaidelle Mae P.
BSCRIM 1-ALPHA
GEC4 Mathematics in the modern world
Tuesday & Thursday (1:00 - 2:30 pm)
OBJECTIVES

*Discover various problem-solving


stategies.
*Apply Polya's strategy in solving
problems
Polya's Problem
Solving Techniques
Polya's First Principle:
1. Understand the problem
This seems so obvious that it is often not even mentioned, yet
students are often stymied in their efforts to solve problems simply
because they don't understand it fully, or even in part. Polya taught
teachers to ask students questions such as:
 Do you understand all the words used in stating the problem?
 What are you asked to find or show?
 Can you restate the problem in your own words?
 Can you think of a picture or diagram that might help you
understand the problem?
 Is there enough information to enable you to find a solution?
Example:
Sally was having a party. she invited 20 women and 15 men.
She made 1 dozen blue cupcakes and 3 dozen red cupcakes. At
the end of the party there were only 5 cupcakes left. How
many cupcakes were eaten?

In our example, we can understand the problem by realizing


that we don’t need the information about the gender of the
guests or the color of the cupcakes- that is irrelevant. All we
really need to know is that we are being asked, “How many
cupcakes are left of the total that were made?
Polya's Second Principle:
2. Devise a plan
Polya mentions that there are many reasonable ways to solve problems.
The skill at choosing an appropriate strategy is best learned by solving
many problems. You will find choosing a strategy increasingly easy. A
partial list of strategies is included:
* Look for a pattern * Use guessing and checking
* Review similar problems * Work backwards
* Write an equation * Identify a sub-goal
* Make a table, diagram or chart
Example:

In our example, we need a sub-goal of figuring out the actual


total number of cupcakes made before we can determine how
many were left over.

We could write an equation to show what is unknown and how


to find the solution.
( 1 dozen + 3 dozen) – 5 = number eaten
Polya's Third Principle:
3. Carry out the plan
This step is usually easier than devising the plan. In general, all you need
is care and patience, given that you have the necessary skills. Persist with
the plan that you have chosen. If it continues not to work discard it and
choose another.
When you carry out the plan, you should keep a record of your steps as
you implement your strategy from step 2.
Example:
Our plan involved the sub-goal of finding out how many
cupcakes were made total. After that, we needed to know how
many were eaten if only 5 remained after the party. To find
out, we wrote an equation that would resolve the sub-goal
while working toward the main goal.

So, (1 dozen + 3 dozen) – 5 = number eaten. 1 dozen equals 12


1x12=12, and 3x13=36, so what we really have is ( 12+36)-5=
number eaten
12+36=48 and 48-5= 43
That means that the number of cupcakes eaten is 43.
Polya's Fourth Principle:
4. Look back
Polya mentions that much can be gained by taking the time to reect and
look back at what you have done, what worked, and what didn't. Doing
this will enable you to predict what strategy to use to solve future
problems.

-The final step in the process means to check your work.


Problem Solving Strategies:

1. Trial and Error


 One of the most common problem solving strategy.
 It means, you try different solutions until you find one
that works.
 This can also work for interpersonal problems.
Example
The problem is that your Wi-Fi isn’t working. You might
try different things until it starts working again, like restarting your
modem or your devices until you find or resolve the problem.

When one solution isn’t successful, you try another until you find
what works.
Problem Solving Strategies:

2. Heuristics
 are problem-solving strategy or framework people use
to quickly find an approximate solution.
 Algorithms or Equations are examples of heuristics.

ALGORITHM- is a step by step problem solving based on a


formula guaranteed to give you positive results.
Example:

You might use an algorithm to determine how


much food is needed to feed people at a large
party.
Problem Solving Strategies:

3. Gut instincts (insight problem-solving)


 we depend on our “gut instincts” or what we know and
feel about a situation to come up with a solution
 “AHA moment”
Example:

You might face the problem of whether or not to


stay in a relationship. The solution to this
problem may come as a sudden insight that you
need to leave.
Problem Solving Strategies:

4. Working backward

 Is a problem solving approach often taught to help students solve


problems in mathematics.
 It is useful for real world problem.
 Working backward is when you start with the solution and “work
backward” to figure out how you got to the solution.
Example:

If you know you need to be at a party by 8 p.m.,


you might work backward to problem- solve when
you must leave the house, when you need to
start getting ready and so on
Problem Solving Strategies:

5. Means-end analysis

 Is a problem solving strategy that helps you get from “point A” to


“point B” by examining and coming up with solutions to obstacles
 When using this, you define the current state or situation and the
intended goal.
 Then, you come up with solutions to get from where you are now to
where you need to be.
Example:
A student might be faced with the problem of
how to successfully get through final season. The
haven’t started studying, but their end goal is to
pass all of their finals.
Using this strategy, the student can examine the
obstacles that stand between their current state
and their end goal.
THANK YOU
AND
GOD BLESS!

You might also like