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Data Link Layer - Ethernet LAN - ARP - Physical VNEWS

This document provides an overview of Ethernet and local area networks (LANs). It discusses LAN components like computers, servers, network interface cards, media, hubs, switches, and routers. It also covers common LAN protocols like Ethernet, IP, ARP, and DHCP. Additionally, it examines Ethernet frame structure, MAC addresses, collision and broadcast domains, CSMA/CD, and the host-to-host packet delivery process. The document also reviews different Ethernet media like UTP, fiber, and wireless and compares their requirements. It concludes by discussing connecting multiple LANs into a wide area network (WAN).

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43 views80 pages

Data Link Layer - Ethernet LAN - ARP - Physical VNEWS

This document provides an overview of Ethernet and local area networks (LANs). It discusses LAN components like computers, servers, network interface cards, media, hubs, switches, and routers. It also covers common LAN protocols like Ethernet, IP, ARP, and DHCP. Additionally, it examines Ethernet frame structure, MAC addresses, collision and broadcast domains, CSMA/CD, and the host-to-host packet delivery process. The document also reviews different Ethernet media like UTP, fiber, and wireless and compares their requirements. It concludes by discussing connecting multiple LANs into a wide area network (WAN).

Uploaded by

du van
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Understanding Ethernet

BSCI v3.0—2-1
Local Area Network
LAN Components
• Computers
– PCs
– Servers
• Interconnections
– NICs
– Media
• Network devices
– Hubs
– Switches
– Routers
• Protocols
– Ethernet
– IP
– ARP
– DHCP
LAN Sizes
LAN Standards
Ethernet Frame Structure
Ethernet Frame Structure
Preamble : Đồng bộ ,giúp xác định nơi bắt đầu
frame .
Có 8 byte báo hiệu bắt đầu một frame gồm
.Bảy byte đầu cung cấp đồng bộ hóa mức bit.
.Byte sau SOF cung cấp đồng bộ hóa mức byte.
Destination : 6 byte thể hiện địa chỉ MAC đích.
Source : 6 byte thể hiện địa chỉ MAC nguồn.
Type : 2 byte chỉ rõ giao thức lớp mạng.
Data : dữ liệu được chuyển đi hay còn gọi là data
payload
FCS : 4 byte kiểm tra lỗi của Frame.
Ethernet Frame Structure
Communicating Within the LAN
MAC Address Components

OUI: Organizational Unique Identifier


MAC Addresses
LAN Segment Limitations

 Signals degrade with transmission distance.


 Each Ethernet type has a maximum segment length.
Extending LAN Segments

 Shares bandwidth
 Extends cable distances
 Repeats or amplifies signal
 Half-duplex
Collisions
Multiple Collision Domains
Collision & Broadcast Domains

• No. of Broadcast domains = No. of every active interface of


the Routers
• No. of Collision domains = No. of every active interface of
the Switches & Routers
CSMA/CD
ARP : Address Revolution Protocol

Exploring the Packet Delivery Process

BSCI v3.0—2-19
ARP : mapping giữa địa chỉ IP lớp 3 và địa
chỉ MAC lớp 2.
ARP Table
L7

L4

L3 Network:
layer 3

L2
ARP

L1
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (1 of 22)

Gói tin Tcp đồng


bộ Tcp
Gói tin qua đồng
layer 3
bộ qua layer 3
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (2 of 22)

Gửi Gói tin từ


layer 3 xuống
Layer2
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (3 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (4 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (5 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (6 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (7 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (8 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (9 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (10 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (11 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (12 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (13 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (14 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (15 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (16 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (17 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (18 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (19 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (20 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (21 of 22)
Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (22 of 22)
Default Gateway
Cabling in Internetwork

BSCI v3.0—2-48
Comparing Ethernet Media Requirements
10Base-T : 10 có nghĩa là tốc độ truyền dữ liệu là 10
Mbps, T có nghĩa là sử dụng cáp xoắn (Twisted-pair).
Base là Baseband băng tần

100Base FX : Chữ F là chuẩn cho công nghệ truyền sử


dụng Cáp Quang (fiber).
Differentiating Between Connections
1000BASE-T GBIC
Unshielded Twisted-Pair Cable

• Speed and throughput: 10 to 1000 Mb/s


• Average cost per node: Least expensive
• Media and connector size: Small
• Maximum cable length: Varies
RJ-45 Connector
RJ-45 Jack
UTP Implementation (Straight-Through)

Cable 10BASE-T/
100BASE-TX Straight-Through Straight-Through Cable

Pin Label Pin Label


1 TX+ 1 TX+
2 TX- 2 TX-
3 RX+ 3 RX+
4 NC 4 NC
5 NC 5 NC
6 RX- 6 RX- Wires on cable ends
7 NC 7 NC are in same order.
8 NC 8 NC
UTP Implementation (Crossover)

Cable 10BASE-T or
100BASE-TX Straight-Through Crossover Cable

EIA/TIA T568A EIA/TIA T568B

Pin Label Pin Label


1 TX+ 1 TX+
2 TX- 2 TX-
3 RX+ 3 RX+
4 NC 4 NC
5 NC 5 NC
6 RX- 6 RX-
Some wires on cable
7 NC 7 NC
8 NC 8 NC ends are crossed.
UTP Implementation: Straight-Through vs.
Crossover
Using Varieties of UTP
WAN—Multiple LANs
Physical Layer: WANs
Serial Point-to-Point Connections
Setting up a Console Connection

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