Section 11.

2 Your Muscular System

Myth No pain, no gain.

Fact Pain is not a sign of a good workout. Rather, pain

is a signal from your body that you are working too hard
or you have an injury. Continuing to exercise through
the pain could lead to a more serious injury.

Where do you think most teens get their information

about muscles? How factual do you think their
information is?

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Section 11.2 Your Muscular System
Your Muscular System

Goals/Objectives

Describe the functions of the three types of

muscles.
Explain how you can keep your muscular
system healthy.

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Section 11.2 Your Muscular System

Key Terms
Muscular System The body system that consists of muscles that
provide motion and maintain posture.

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Section 11.2 Your Muscular System

The Muscles in Your Body

• Muscles move your eyes as you read.
• Muscles in your chest allow you to breathe.
• Muscles in your heart pump your blood.
• Every time your body moves, muscles are at work.

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Section 11.2 Your Muscular System

Types of Muscle
Your body has three types of muscle tissue that
perform different functions.
• Smooth muscle - is involuntary muscle that found
in many internal organs. causes movements
within your body.
• Cardiac muscle - is involuntary muscle that is
found only in the heart.
• Skeletal muscles – is voluntary muscle tissue that
is attached to bones you control to do activities,
such as walk or play a musical instrument.

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Section 11.2 Your Muscular System

Voluntary vs Involuntary Muscles

• Voluntary muscle is a muscle that a person can
control.
• Involuntary muscle is a muscle that functions without
a person’s control.

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Section 11.2 Your Muscular System

How Muscles Work

• All muscles do work by contracting, or becoming
shorter and thicker.
• Many skeletal muscles work in pairs.
• One muscle in the pair contracts to move the
bone in one direction.
• Then, the other muscle in the pair contracts to
move the bone back.

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Section 11.2 Your Muscular System

Muscle Pairs
Biceps contracted

Triceps relaxed
Biceps relaxed

Triceps contracted

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Section 11.2 Your Muscular System

Tendons
• A thick strand of tissue called a tendon attaches a
muscle to a bone.

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Section 11.2 Your Muscular System

Muscle Tone
• Even when a skeletal muscle is not contracting to
cause movement, a few of its individual muscle fibers
are still contracting.
• Contractions tense and firm the muscle.
• This slight tension is called muscle tone.
• Muscles that cannot contract due to injury, or are not
used often, will weaken and shrink, a condition
known as atrophy.

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Section 11.2 Your Muscular System
Major Mastoid

muscles… Pectoral
Biceps
Obliques
Abdominal

Rectus Femoris
Sartorius (Rec tus FĔM er us)
(sahr TOR ee us)

Tibialis
(tib ee AIL us) Gastrocnemius
(gas trock NEE
Soleus mee us)
(SŌ lee us)
Section 11.2 Your Muscular System
Major Trapezius
(trah PEE zee us)
muscles…
Latissimus Dorsi Deltoid
(lah TISS ah mus DOOR sigh) (DEL toid)
Triceps
Gluteus medius
(GLOO tee us MEE
dee us)

Hamstrings
Gluteus maximus
(GLOO tee us MAX
ah mus)
Achilles tendon

Gastrocnemius
Section 11.2 Your Muscular System

Keeping Healthy
• You can maintain a healthy muscular system by
regularly participating in different types of exercise.
• To help prevent injuries, exercise sessions should
include a warm-up and cool-down period.

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Section 11.2 Your Muscular System

Working Your Muscles

• Some types of exercise increase a muscle’s
endurance—how long it can contract without tiring.
• Other exercises make individual fibers grow, which
causes the muscles to thicken and increase in
strength.
• Anabolic steroids - are artificial forms of the male
hormone testosterone.

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Section 11.2 Your Muscular System

Avoiding Muscle Injuries

• Strains - A muscle strain, or a pulled muscle, is a
painful injury that may happen when muscles are
overworked or stretched too much or too quickly.
• Tendonitis - Overuse of tendons may lead to painful
swelling and irritation called tendonitis.
• Prevent injuries
• regular strengthening and stretching exercises
• vary your exercise routine
• warm up and cool down
• stop exercising if you feel a sharp or sudden pain

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Section 11.2 Your Muscular System

Preventing Muscle Cramps

• A muscle cramp is a strong, uncontrolled muscle
contraction.
• To relieve a cramp, try massaging the affected area
and exercising the limb gently.
• Stretching and drinking plenty of water before and
during exercise can help you avoid muscle cramps.

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Section 11.2 Your Muscular System

Questions
1. Identify 3 types of muscle and describe location and function of
each.
2. What is a tendon?
3. Explain what causes muscle tone?
4. What causes the condition known as atrophy?
5. What can you do to prevent muscle injuries?
6. What is the cause of a muscle strain?
7. Why is it an advantage that you do not have control over all of your
muscles?
8. Describe how a muscle pair in your thigh would work to bend and
then straighten your knee.
9. What type of muscle helps your to move your jaw to chew food?
10. Name an exercise that builds muscle endurance.

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