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01 - Introduction To Networking

The document provides an introduction to networking basics including connecting to the internet, networking components of a computer, installing and troubleshooting network cards, testing internet connections, web browsers, network math concepts like binary and hexadecimal numbering systems, and IP addressing.

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Pandaloveyou
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33 views

01 - Introduction To Networking

The document provides an introduction to networking basics including connecting to the internet, networking components of a computer, installing and troubleshooting network cards, testing internet connections, web browsers, network math concepts like binary and hexadecimal numbering systems, and IP addressing.

Uploaded by

Pandaloveyou
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Networking Basics

INTRODUCTION TO

NETWORKING

Cisco Regional Networking Academy

Version 3.0

Objectives
Understand the physical connection that has to take

place for a computer to connect to the Internet. Recognize the components that comprise the computer. Install and troubleshoot network interface cards and/or modems. Use basic testing procedures to test the Internet connection. Demonstrate a basic understanding of the use of web browsers and plug-ins

Table of Content
1 Connecting to the internet

Network Math

CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET

Requirements for Internet connection

Physical connection
Connecting expansion card to a network

Logical connection
Using standards that so-called protocols

Applications
Work with protocols to send & receive data
Interpret data & display information

PC basics: Small, Discrete Components


Transistor amplifies a signal or opens and closes a circuit.

Integrated circuit (IC) Device made of semiconductor material that contains many transistors and performs a specific task.
Resistor Device made of material that opposes the flow of electric current. Capacitor Electronic component that stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field

Connector The part of a cable that plugs into a port or interface.


Light emitting diode (LED) Semiconductor device that emits light when a current passes through it.

PC Basics: Personal Computer Subsystems


Printed circuit board (PCB) A thin plate on which chips or integrated circuits and other electronic components are placed. CD-ROM drive. Central processing unit (CPU) The brains of the computer where most calculations take place. Floppy disk drive. Hard disk drive. Microprocessor A silicon chip that contains a CPU. Motherboard. Bus A collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of a computer to another. Random-access memory (RAM). Read-only memory (ROM). System unit. Expansion slot. Power supply.

PC Basics: Backplane Components


Backplane The large circuit board that contains sockets for expansion cards. Network interface card (NIC). Video card. Audio card. Parallel port. Serial port. Mouse port. Power cord.

Network Interface Card

Protocols Types of media

: Ethernet, Token Ring, or FDDI : Twisted-pair, coaxial, wireless, or fiber-optic Type of system bus : PCI or ISA

NIC and Modem Installation


Situations that require NIC installation include the following:
Adding a NIC to a PC that does not already have one Replacing a bad or damaged NIC

Upgrading from a 10-Mbps NIC to a 10/100-Mbps NIC

To perform the installation of a NIC or modem the following resources may be required:
Knowledge of how the adapter is configured, including jumpers and plug-and-play software
Availability of diagnostic tools Ability to resolve hardware resource conflicts

NIC and Modem Installation


PC modem card

Internal modem Card

Ethernet cable modem

External modem

TCP/IP Description and Configuration

TCP/IP is a set of protocols or rules developed to allow cooperating computers to share resources a TCP/IP must be configured using the operating system tools.

Testing Connectivity with Ping

Testing Connectivity with Ping

ping 127.0.0.1 - called an internal loopback test. It verifies the operation of the TCP/IP stack and NIC transmit/receive function. ping IP address of local host computer ping default-gateway IP address

ping remote destination IP address

Web Browser and Plug-ins


Applications work in conjunction with the browser to launch the program required to view special files
Flash plays multimedia files, which was created by Macromedia Flash Quicktime plays video files, which was created by Apple Real Player plays audio files

In order to install the Flash plug-in, do the following:


Go to the Macromedia website. Download .exe file. (flash32.exe) Run and install in Netscape or IE Verify installation and proper operation by accessing the Cisco Academy website.

Troubleshooting Internet Connection Problems


Define the problem
Gather the facts Consider the possibility

Create an action plan


Implement the plan Observe the results Document the results

NETWORK MATH

Information stored in computers


These 1 and 0 are referred to as binary digits or bits.

Bits and Bytes: Information Unit

Base 10 Number System (Decimal)

Example: 2134 = (2x10^3) + (1x10^2) + (3x10^1) + (4x10^0)

Base 2 Number System (Binary)

Example: 10110 = (1 x 2^4 = 16) + (0 x 2^3 = 0) + (1 x 2^2 = 4) + (1 x 2^1 = 2) + (0 x 2^0 = 0) = 22

Converting 8-bit Binary Numbers to Decimal Numbers

Converting Decimal Numbers to 8-bit Binary Numbers

Four-octet Dotted Decimal

Base 16 system (Hexadecimal)

Converting Binary Numbers to hexadecimal

Boolean or Binary Logic

IP Addresses and Network Masks

Summary
The physical connection that has to take place for a computer to connect to the Internet The primary components of a computer Installation and troubleshooting network interface cards and/or modems Basic testing procedures to test the Internet connection Web browser selection and configuration The Base 2 number system Binary number conversion to decimal The hexadecimal number system Binary representation of IP addresses and network masks Decimal representation of IP addresses and network masks

Q&A

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