EARTH AND LIFE

SCIENCE

ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE

OF EARTH
(PLANET EARTH)

QUARTER 1 MODULE 1
THE EARTH
 Earth is the only planet in the solar system known
to harbour life. Our planet has a molten nickel-
iron core which gave rise to an extensive
magnetic field, which, along with the atmosphere,
shields us from harmful radiation coming from
the Sun.
 In this module, you will understand why this
planet is called the “living planet.”
WHAT’S IN

Just a part of the vast universe is

the solar system. From the
previous concepts learned,
identify the planets in the solar
system in the given illustration.
The Solar System

Mercury
The Solar System

Venus

Mercury
The Solar System

Earth

Venus

Mercury
The Solar System

Mars

Earth

Venus

Mercury
The Solar System

Jupiter

Mars

Earth

Venus

Mercury
The Solar System

Saturn

Jupiter

Mars

Earth

Venus

Mercury
The Solar System

Uranus

Saturn

Jupiter

Mars

Earth

Venus

Mercury
The Solar System

Neptune

Uranus

Saturn

Jupiter

Mars

Earth

Venus

Mercury
 Earth: A Habitable Planet
Factors that Not Enough of Just Right Too Much of Situation in
make a Planet the Factor the Factor the Solar
Habitable System

Temperature Low Life seems to be At about 125oC, Surface: only the

influences how temperatures limited to a protein and Earth’s surface is
quickly atoms cause chemicals temperature carbohydrate in this
and molecules to react slowly, range of -15oC molecules, and temperature
move. which interferes to 115oC. In this the genetic range. Sub-
with the range, liquid material (e.g., surface: the
reactions water can still DNA and RNA) interior of the
necessary for exist under start to break solid planets and
life. It can also certain apart. Also, high moons may be in
cause the conditions. temperatures this temperature
freezing of cause the quick range.
water, making evaporation of
liquid water water
unavailable.
 Earth: A Habitable Planet
Factors that Not Enough of Just Right Too Much of Situation in
make a Planet the Factor the Factor the Solar
Habitable System

Atmosphere Small planets Earth and Venus Venus’s Of the solid

and moons have are the right size atmosphere is planets and
insufficient to hold a 100 times moons, only
gravity to hold sufficient thicker than Earth, Venus,
an atmosphere. atmosphere. Earth’s. It is and Titan have
The gas Earth’s made almost significant
molecules atmosphere is entirely of atmospheres.
escape to space, about 100 miles greenhouse Mars’
leaving the thick. It keeps gasses, making atmosphere is
planet or moon the surface warm the surface too about 1/100th
without an and protects it hot for life. The that of Earth’s,
insulating from radiation four giant too small for
blanket or a and small- to planets are significant
protective shield. medium-sized completely made insulation or
meteorites. of gas. shielding.
 Earth: A Habitable Planet
Factors that Not Enough of Just Right Too Much of Situation in
make a Planet the Factor the Factor the Solar
Habitable System

Energy When there is With a steady Light energy is a Surface: The

too little sunlight input of either problem if it inner planets get
or too few of the light or chemical makes a planet too much
chemicals that energy, cells can too hot or if sunlight for life.
provide energy run the chemical there are too The outer
to cells, such as reactions many harmful planets get too
iron or sulfur, necessary for rays, such as little.
organisms die. life. ultraviolet. Too
many energy- Sub-surface:
rich chemicals is Most solid
not a problem planets and
moons have
energyrich
chemicals.
 Earth: A Habitable Planet
Factors that Not Enough of Just Right Too Much of Situation in
make a Planet the Factor the Factor the Solar
Habitable System

Nutrients used Without chemicals All solid planets Too many nutrients Surface: Earth has a
to build and to make proteins and moons have are not a problem. water cycle, an
and carbohydrates, However, too atmosphere, and
maintain an the same general volcanoes to
organisms cannot active a circulation
organism’s grow. Planets chemical system, such as the circulate nutrients.
body. without systems to makeup, so constant volcanism Venus, Titan, Io, and
nutrients are Mars have nutrients
deliver nutrients to on Jupiter’s moon,
and ways to
its organisms (e.g., present. Those Io, or the churning circulate them to
a water cycle or with a water atmospheres of the organisms.
volcanic activity) cycle or volcanic gas planets,
cannot support life. activity can interferes with an Sub-surface:
Also, when organism’s ability Any planet or moon
nutrients are transport and to get enough with sub-surface
spread so thin that replenish the nutrients. water or molten
they are hard to chemicals rock can circulate
obtain, such as on required by and replenish
a gas planet, life living organisms nutrients for
cannot exist. organisms
QUESTION:
1. What are the factors that make the planet
habitable?
2. What are the characteristics of planet Earth that
makes it habitable?
The Planet Earth
 Earth is the only place in the known universe
confirmed to host life and is the only one known
for sure to have liquid water in the surface.
 These are reasons why planet Earth is a unique

one: (1) It has liquid water;

(2) surface or lithosphere which includes the crust
and the upper mantle; and
(3) It has atmosphere that shelters it from the
worst
of the sun’s rays.
The Planet Earth
 Earth is the only planet in the solar system that
has a large amount of liquid water.
 About 70% of the surface of the Earth is covered
by liquid or frozen water. Because of this, Earth is
sometimes called “blue planet.”
The Planet Earth
 Planet Earth is habitable because it has the right
distance from the sun.
 It is kept warm by an insulating atmosphere, and
it has the right chemical ingredients for life
including water and carbon.
 It can provide water, oxygen, useful biological
products for human, and has suitable weather and
climate.
The Planet Earth
 Earth, Venus, and Mars may have similarities:
 (1) They all are terrestrial planets, made of solid rocks
and silicates;
 (2) They all have an atmosphere;
 (3) They all almost have the same time to rotate on
their axes;
 (4) Earth and Mars both have water;
 (5) They all have carbon dioxide; and
 (6) All have landforms. Earth, Venus, and Mars have
differences: (1) Venus has no water; (2) Venus and
Mars don’t have oxygen; and (3) Earth has life forms
Activity 1: Understanding Planet Earth

Compare and contrast

How is planet Earth similar and
different from Venus and Mars.

Site all possible reason using the

information table on the next
slide
Activity 1: Understanding Planet Earth

Compare and contrast

Activity 2: Terraforming Mars

Can man change or adjust Mars’ environment

to make it more suitable for human habitation?
How? List down 5 possible answer.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Activity 3: Create a Planet
Fill up the data needed in your created planet.
My Planet is called_____. It is located in the
____. The weather is _______.It would have
__________ kinds of organisms. The individual
who live there are called _________.
The individual look like this. The planet looks like this.