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Transformational: Generative

Transformational generative grammar is a theory of grammar developed by Noam Chomsky in 1957 that analyzes sentences based on their deep and surface structures. Deep structure refers to the abstract meaning and concepts of a sentence, while surface structure refers to the actual words used. According to this theory, sentences have an innate deep structure that can be transformed into different surface structures using transformational rules like adjunction, substitution, and deletion. This allows generating novel sentences from a basic sentence structure.

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29 views13 pages

Transformational: Generative

Transformational generative grammar is a theory of grammar developed by Noam Chomsky in 1957 that analyzes sentences based on their deep and surface structures. Deep structure refers to the abstract meaning and concepts of a sentence, while surface structure refers to the actual words used. According to this theory, sentences have an innate deep structure that can be transformed into different surface structures using transformational rules like adjunction, substitution, and deletion. This allows generating novel sentences from a basic sentence structure.

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Inoxent Larka
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Transformational Generative Grammar

Dept: BS-Eng-2k21.
Submitted to : Mam Komal Unar
Content
 Generative Grammar
 Properties of Generative Grammar
 Deep & Surface structures
 Transformational Grammar
 Transformational Rules
Generative Grammar

 Generative grammar is a theory of grammar, first developed by Noam Chomsky


in the 1957
 introduced Generative Grammar in his book Syntactic Structure, 1957
 This theory is also known as Transformational generative grammar
 Any theory capable of producing well-formed sentences and rejecting ill formed sentences is referred as generative
grammar.
 According to this human language is shaped by a set of basic principles that are part of the human brain (and even
present in the brains of small children). 
Characteristics of Generative Grammar

 Sentences : The number of sentences in native language is infinite.


 all humans are born with an innate capacity for language and that this capacity shapes the rules for what is considered
correct.
 Rules of language are innate.
I need water Mom
Water mom need I
 Every Language has some specific and limited rules and principles.
 Linguistics argues that Rules are innate.
 Children are able to form sentence which they have never heard before.
 children learn the rules of their native language because they are born with an innate set of rules.
Deep Structure and Surface Structure

Deep Structure
 Abstract and deep.
 It refers to concepts, thoughts, ideas, and feelings.
 It conveys the actual meaning of a sentence.
 Transform into basic or kernel sentences.
 It depicts what you wish to express.
Deep Structure and Surface Structure

Surface Structure
 Obvious and performed.
 It refers to words/ languages used to reflect the deep structure.
 Describes lexical, grammatical, and phonological aspect Related to speech/
performance.
 Sentences are operated by rules.
 It depicts how you express it.
Transformational Grammar

Transformational Simply means that changes one shape into other.

It Is a theory that is given by Noam Chomsky to transform or generate other sentences. He says that one
structure is can be converted into another sentence structure. Or changing of surface and deep structure.

Definition: Transformational grammar is a set of grammar rules that are used when. Basic clauses are
combined to form more complex sentences .
Examples of TGG
Ahmed ate the mango Active Voice
Mango was eaten by Ahmed. Passive Voice

Negation
 To add not in sentence.

Ahmed ate the mango General


Ahmed did not eat mango. Negative

Ahmed eats the mango Declarative sentence .


Is Ahmed eats the mango? Question.
Transformation Rules

Jacobs and Rosenbaum (1968: 19), in their study say that a transformation is a particular Processes of alteration by which
one sentence structure is converted into another sentence structure without any change in the meaning. The changing of
deep structure to surface structure is via transformation.

“The operation is called elementary transformation. The elementary consists of adjunction, substitution, and deletion”

.
Examles
 .Adjunction
The children are playing in the park
The breakfast was cooling on the counter.
Substitution
John speaks clearer than you
( John speaks more clearly )
Deletion
Some kinds of deletion

Noun Phrase Deletion


Sara can play the piano, and that Cat can play the piano too
( Sara can play the piano, and that cat can too.)
 Verb Phrase Deletion
The police official refused to report the case because he was afraid to report the case.
( The police official refused to report the case because he was afraid to.)
Imperative deletion You jump------(jump)
Presenters

Akash Ali Jaan Muhammad Amin Pali Bharat Parmar


040 001 031 037

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