Problem:

Solve the following LPP by using simplex method.

Min Z= 2x1+3x2
Subjected to constraints
x1 + x2 ≥ 5
x1+ 2x2 ≥ 6
x1 ≥ 0 , x2 ≥ 0,
( -M for max case and M for min case as coefficients
of artificial variables in objective function. )
• RHS values of all constraints are positive

• Convert inequality constraints in to equations by adding

suitable variables.

Min Z= 2x1+3x2

x1 + x2 - s1 + A1 = 5

x1+ 2x2 - s2 + A2 = 6

x1 ≥ 0 , x2 ≥ 0 , s1, ≥ 0, s2 ≥ 0 , A1 ≥ 0, A2 ≥ 0
• Write the problem in the standard form.

Min Z= 2x1+3x2 +0s1 + 0s2 +MA1 + MA2

x1 + x2 - s1 +0s2 +A1 + 0A2 = 5

x1+ 2x2+0 s1 - s2 +0A1 + A2 = 6

x1 ≥ 0 , x2 ≥ 0 , s1 ≥ 0 , s2 ≥ 0 , A1 ≥ 0, A2 ≥ 0
• Now find the IBFS by putting (n-m) number of
variables zero.

• 6-2 =4 variables x1 , x2 , s1 and s2 putting zero in

the constraints A1 = 5, A2 = 6

• Now draw the simplex table

 Cj 3 0 0 M M
2

  Basic
xB
Ratio
C or
B
A2
  Variables Solution x1 x2 s1 s2 A1

M A1 5 1 1 -1 0 1 0 5/1=5
 
A2 6 1 0
 M 2 0 -1 1 6/2=3

3M -M -M M M
Zj 2M

2-2M 3-3M M M 0 0
Cj - Zj
 Cj 3 0 0 M M
2

  Basic
xB
Ratio
C or
B
A2
  Variables Solution x1 x2 s1 s2 A1

M A1 2 1/2 0 -1 1/2 1 -1/2 2/1/2=4

 
3 1/2 0 3/1/2=
 3 x2 1 0 -1/2 1/2
6
-M/
3 -M M/2-3/2 M
Zj 3/2+M/2 2+3/
2

1/2- 0 M 3/2- 0 3M/

Cj - Zj
M/2 M/2 2+3/2
 Cj 3 0 0 M M
2

  Basic
xB
Ratio
C or
B
A2
  Variables Solution x1 x2 s1 s2 A1

-1
2 x1 4 1 0 -2 1 2
 
x2 1 0 -1 1
 3 1 1 -1

Zj 2 3 -1 -1 -1
1

0 0 1 1 M+1 M-1
Cj - Zj
• In minimization case all Cj –Zj values are
positive or zero. Hence the problem has
optimal solution.

• Optimum values of x1 = 4 , x2 =1

• Z= 2x4 + 3x1= 11
Problem:
• An animal feed company must produce 200 kg
of a mixture consisting of ingredient x1 and x2
daily. X1 cost Rs 3 per kg and x2 Rs 8 per kg. No
more than 80 kgs of x1 and at least 60 kgs of x2
must be used. Find how much of each
ingredient should be used if the company
wants to minimize the cost.
 Solution:
• Let x be the number of units of ingredient x1 added to produce
mixture
• y be the number of units of ingredient x2 added to produce mixture

• Mixture weight = 200 kg

• Not more than 80 kgs of x1

• At least 60 kgs of x2

• Cost of x1 = Rs 3/kg

• Cost of x2 = Rs 8/kg
Objective function Min Z = 3x+8y

Mixture constraint x+ y =200

X1 constraint x ≤ 80

X2 constraint y ≥ 60
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
• RHS values of all constraints are positive

• Convert inequality constraints in to equations

by adding suitable variables.

Min Z= 3x+8y
x + y + A1 = 200
x+ s1 = 80
Y- s2 + A2 = 60
x ≥ 0 , y≥ 0 , s1, ≥ 0, s2 ≥ 0 , A1 ≥ 0, A2 ≥ 0
• Write the problem in the standard form.

Min Z= 3x+8y +0s1 + 0s2 +MA1 + MA2

x + y + 0s1 + 0s2 + A1 + 0A2 = 200

x+ 0y + s1 + 0s2 + 0A1 + 0A2 = 80

0x+ y + 0s1 - s2 + 0A1 + A2 = 60

x ≥ 0 , y ≥ 0 , s1 ≥ 0 , s2 ≥ 0 , A1 ≥ 0, A2 ≥ 0
• Now find the IBFS by putting (n-m) number of
variables zero.

• 6-3 =3 variables x , y , and s2 putting zero in the

constraints A1 = 200, s1 = 80, A2 = 60

• Now draw the simplex table

 Cj 8 0 0 M M
3

  Basic
xB
Ratio
C or
B
A2
  Variables Solution x y s1 s2 A1

M A1 200 1 1 0 0 0 200/1=200
  1

80 1 0 80/0=
 0 s1 0 1 0 0
infinity
M A2 60 0 1 0 -1 0 1 60/1=60

-M M
Zj M 2M 0 M

Cj - Zj M 0
3-M 8-2M 0 0
 Cj 8 0 0 M M
3

  Basic
xB
Ratio
C or
B
A2
  Variables Solution x y s1 s2 A1

M A1 140 1 0 0 1 -1
1 140/1=140
 
80 1 80/1=80
  0 s1 0 1 0 0 0
60/0=
8 y 60 0 1 0 -1 0 1
infinity

M-8 -
Zj M 8 0 M
M+8

Cj - Zj - 2M-
3-M 0 0 0
M+8 8
 Cj 8 0 0 M M
3

  Basic
xB
Ratio
C or
B
A2
  Variables Solution x y s1 s2 A1

M A1 1
60 0 0 -1 -1 60/1=60
1
 
80 1 80/0=infi
  3 x 0 1 0 0 0
nity
-ve
8 y 60 0 1 0 -1 0 1

M- -M+8
Zj 3 8 -M+3
8
M

Cj - Zj - 2M-
0 0 M- 0
M+8 8
3
 Cj 8 0 0 M M
3

  Basic
xB
Ratio
C or
B
A2
  Variables Solution x y s1 s2 A1

0 S2 1
60 0 0 -1 -1 60/1=60
1
 
80 1 80/0=infi
  3 x 0 1 0 0 0
nity
120/0=infi
8 y 120 0 1 -1 0 1 0
nity

0 0
Zj 3 8 -5 8

Cj - Zj 0 M
0 0 5 M-8
• In minimization case all Cj –Zj values are
positive or zero. Hence the problem has
optimal solution.

• Optimum values of x = 80 , y =120

• Z= 3x80 + 8x120 = 1200