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Mechanisms L3

This document discusses various kinematic linkages including the single slider crank chain and its inversions. Examples of applications are provided for each inversion. Other linkages covered include the double slider crank chain, straight line mechanisms, ratchets and escapements, indexing mechanisms, and rocking mechanisms. The document acknowledges the many sources of knowledge that have contributed to the understanding of kinematics over time.

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ROOSSVELT PRABHU TEACHING
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71 views40 pages

Mechanisms L3

This document discusses various kinematic linkages including the single slider crank chain and its inversions. Examples of applications are provided for each inversion. Other linkages covered include the double slider crank chain, straight line mechanisms, ratchets and escapements, indexing mechanisms, and rocking mechanisms. The document acknowledges the many sources of knowledge that have contributed to the understanding of kinematics over time.

Uploaded by

ROOSSVELT PRABHU TEACHING
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME 6401 KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY

Department of Mechanical Engineering


S. A. Engineering College
Chennai-77
Single Slider Crank Chain
In a four bar kinematic chain there are four
revolute pairs. If one of this pairs is changed as
prismatic/sliding pair that kinematic chain is called
single slider crank chain.

Link 1 – Fixed Link Link 3 – Connecting Rod


Link 2 – Crank Link 4 – Slider / Piston
Inversions of Single Slider Crank Chain

As there are four links, fixing each link in


turn, four inversions can be obtained.

In the first inversion, where the link with


one revolute pair and one prismatic pair is
fixed.
Example: 1) I.C. Engine mechanism, in
which the fourth link piston is the input and the
crank is output. 2) In air compressor, in which
the second link crank is the input and the
piston is the output.
Second Inversion of Single Slider Crank Chain
Second link in the original chain, ie., crank with
two revolute pairs is fixed, second inversion is
obtained.
2
3

1
4

Link 2 is fixed
Examples for the Second Inversion:
1. Whitworth Quick Return Mechanism

2. Rotary Engine Mechanism


Third Inversion of Single Slider Crank Chain
Third link of the original chain, ie., Connecting
Rod with two revolute pairs (length of this link is
more than crank) is fixed to obtain third inversion.

Example: 1. Oscillating Cylinder Mechanism


2. Crank and slotted lever quick return
mechanism
Crank and Slotted Lever Quick Return Mechanism
Fourth Inversion of Single Slider Crank Chain
In the original chain, if the fourth link with
revolute pair and prismatic pair is fixed, then the fourth
inversion is obtained.
Example : Hand Pump
Double Slider Crank Chain
This Chain has two revolute pairs and two
prismatic pairs. The first inversion is with a link
with revolute pair and prismatic pair is fixed.
Example: Scotch Yoke Mechanism, which is
also called as Sinusoidal Generator.
•
The Second inversion of the double slider
crank chain is obtained when the link with
two prismatic pairs is fixed.
Example : Elliptic Trammel
X = BC cosθ
Y = AC sinθ
(X / BC) = cosθ
(Y / AC) = sinθ

(X2 / BC2) = cos2θ

(Y2 / AC2) = sin2θ


(X2 / BC2) + (Y2 / AC2) = cos2θ + sin2θ
( =1
Equation for Ellipse.
•
Third inversion of the double slider crank
chain is obtained when the link two revolute
pairs is fixed.
Example: Oldham coupling, which is used to
connect two parallel misaligned shafts.
Straight Line Mechanisms
1.Chebyshev Straight Line Mechanism
L1 = 2 Units, L 2 = L 4 = 2.5 Units, L 3 = 1 Unit
P is the mid-point of L 3
This is a Double-Rocker Mechanism
2. Hoekens Straight Line Mechanism
L 1 = 2 Units, L 2 = 1 Unit, L 3 =L 4 = 2.5 Units
Coupler point location from A is 5 units
This is a Crank-Rocker Mechanism

L3
3.Roberts Straight Line Mechanism
L1 = 2 Units, L2 = L3 = L4 = 1 Unit
Coupler Point P is 1 unit each from both pin joint centres
of coupler. This is a non-Grashofian Double Rocker.

L 13
4. Watt’s Straight Line Mechanism
L1 = L3 = 2 Units, L2 = 1 Units
Fixed link length is 4 units, and the coupler point P is mid
point of the coupler. This is, also, a non-Grashofian Double
Rocker mechanism.

L1
5.Peaucellier Exact Straight Line Mechanism
L1 = L2 , L 3 = L4 , L5 = L6 = L7 = L8
Free end point of the Rhombus will trace Exact Straight Line
If, L1 ≠ L2 , then the same point will trace a circular arc with
very large radius, much larger than the link lengths.

L1
Ratchet and Pawl
RATCHET is a device that allows rotary or linear motion
in only one direction. It can be used to move a toothed
wheel one tooth at a time. The part which is used to
move the ratchet is known as the PAWL. Motion
developed by a ratchet is intermittent motion. They are
also used in the freewheel mechanism of bicycle,
clocks, screwdrivers, jacks, and hoists.

ESCAPEMENTS are generally used in clocks with


mechanical motions. In clocks the escapement controls
the spring driven clock mechanism such that it moves in
regulated steps controlled by a pendulum or an
oscillating arm.
• Ratchets and Escapements
• Animation of Ratchet and Pawl Mechanism
• Indexing Mechanisms
• A simple index mechanism consists
• of a hold or a hook that catches a pin
on on an index wheel. The Clutch slips
• until a solenoid pulls the hold away,
• which frees the wheels to turn.

• Geneva Mechanisms are often used


• in machine tools. They are capable
• of indexing or partially rotating some
• part of a machine. In cinema
projectors Geneva stop is used to move the film on one
frame at a time.
Animation of Indexing Mechanisms

External Geneva Wheel Internal Geneva Wheel


• Animation Contd…
•
• Double Slider Driven Geneva Mechanism

• The pin at the mid point of the green link, which moves in
a circular path, drives a Geneva mechanism – used to
provide intermittent motion.
Rocking Mechanisms
• 1.Crank Rocker Mechanism
• 2.Quick Return Mechanism
• 3. Cam and Oscillating
• Follower Mechanism
• n 4. Toothed Rack System
(1) (2)

• (3) (4)
Offset Slider Mechanism
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
To innumerable websites in the internet, and
to all those who have uploaded their
knowledge, imaginations, ideas, graphic
skills etc., on these websites.
Also, to all those(including my parents, son,
teachers, friends, and relatives), from pre-
historic days to to-day, who have registered
their knowledge, imaginations, thoughts
etc., through different means and mediums.

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