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Charge Coupled Devices

Charge coupled devices (CCDs) are image sensors that convert light into electrical signals. They consist of an array of light sensitive pixels that generate and store an electrical charge proportional to the light intensity. The stored charges are shifted through a series of gates to an output register where the signal is read out. CCDs are commonly used in digital cameras and camcorders due to their ability to capture high quality images by efficiently transferring photo-generated charge between pixels.

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31 views11 pages

Charge Coupled Devices

Charge coupled devices (CCDs) are image sensors that convert light into electrical signals. They consist of an array of light sensitive pixels that generate and store an electrical charge proportional to the light intensity. The stored charges are shifted through a series of gates to an output register where the signal is read out. CCDs are commonly used in digital cameras and camcorders due to their ability to capture high quality images by efficiently transferring photo-generated charge between pixels.

Uploaded by

Sucrose Fructose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES

FIRST, YOU NEED TO KNOW WHAT IS A


PHOTODETECTOR.

• Photodetectors convert incident radiation to an electrical signal


such as a voltage or current.
• Some examples of photodetectors are photoconductors,
photodiodes and pyroelectric detectors
FIRST, YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT IMAGE
SENSORS.
• An image sensor, is an integrated circuit chip made up of an array of photosensitive
elements, that can capture an image and provide an output in the form of an electrical signal
such as current, charge, or voltage.
• The output is usually put through a multiplexer and an analog-to-digital converter to obtain
a digital form of the image.
• The sensor usually consists of an array of elements, called pixels (pixel from “picture
element”), in N rows and M columns, where each element or pixel has a detector and can
provide an electrical signal that is proportional to the light intensity received at this pixel.
THAT’S HOW AN IMAGE IS CAPTURED.
THERE ARE TWO MAJOR SOLID-STATE
TECHNOLOGIES

Charged Coupled Complimentary metal oxide


Device(CCD) semiconductor(CMOS)
SOME BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT THEM:

• CMOS refers to the technology that is used to fabricate the sensor.


• In the CCD technology, the incident light at a pixel generates a charge that is
stored in the CCD pixel (called a well) at this location this charge (signal) is
read out by a sequential clocking mechanism, a characteristic of the CCD
operation, to shift the charges to an eventual shift register for read-out.
TODAY WE WILL FOCUS ON CHARGE
COUPLED DEVICES.

• Charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are commonly used as image sensors in


professional and consumer television cameras and camcorders, and as image
sensors in digital still cameras.
• The term CCD in general does not imply an image sensor but a chip that is
able to store and transfer signals in the form of charge.
MORE FOCUS….

• The CCD chips are integrated chips(ICs) from crystalline silicon and have
many pixels(i.e. a detecting element).
• Order can be of 2.5cm×2.5cm or 1024×1024 pixels and many more
combinations.
• These pixel structures are MOS(metal-oxide-semiconductor) and MIS(metal-
insulator-semiconductor).
HAVE A LOOK
SOME WORKING OF IT.

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