Introduction to Virtualization

Course Sections
Covered Content will cover :
• Understand the benefits of
virtualization
• Be able to describe virtualization,
virtual machines and hypervisors
• Module 1 – Introduction to Virtualization • Describe typical data center
• Module 2 – The Hypervisor components that are virtualized
• Become familiar with VMware
• Module 3 – The Data Center technology popular in industry
• Module 4 – The Virtual Data Center
• Module 5 – VMware Virtualization Solutions
Why virtualization?
• Have you ever wished you could clone yourself?
• If you could, would you be more efficient? Would you do more?
• Virtualization enables computers to be more efficient in a similar fashion
• Computers that use virtualization optimize the available compute resources
What is
virtualization?
Hardware
and Software
Hardware
Processor - Also called CPU (Central Processing Unit)

RAM - Random Access Memory

- Non-volatile memory that stores BIOS

Read-Only Memory
*BIOS is type of software responsible for turning on (booting) computer

- Printed Circuit Board (PCB) that holds processor, RAM, ROM,

Motherboard
network and Input/Output (I/O) and other components.

Chipset - Collection of microchips on motherboard that manage specific functions.

- A persistent (non-volatile) storage device such as a Hard Drive Disk or

Storage
Solid State Drive
Software
• System software is necessary
for hardware to function
• Operating system controls the
hardware
• Application software tells your
system to execute a task you
want
 Virtualization is the
“layer” of technology that
goes between the
physical hardware of a
device and the operating
system to create one or
more copies of the
device.
What is a
VM? • Virtualization creates virtual hardware
by cloning physical hardware
• The hypervisor uses virtual hardware
to create a virtual machine (VM)
• A VM is a set of files
• With a hypervisor and VMs, one
computer can run multiple OS
simultaneously
The
Hypervisor
What is a Hypervisor?
• Software installed on top of
hardware that created
virtualization layer
• Hosts VMs
• Type 1 Hypervisor – Bare
metal hypervisor (VMware
ESXi)
• Type 2 Hypervisor – Hosted
hypervisor (VMware
Workstation)
The Data
Center
What is a Data
Center?
• Hardware infrastructure that supports
virtualization
• Focus is on processing large
amounts of data
• What are the three main
components?
⚬ Compute
⚬ Storage
⚬ Networks
Compute Systems
• Hardware and operating system software that runs applications
• Difference between a PC and a server
⚬ PCs have user-friendly interface while servers focus on running
programs
• Types of servers:
⚬ Tower
⚬ Blade server
⚬ Rack-mounted server
• What is the architecture of a server?
Storage
• Data center storage should have two features: availability and redundancy
 Storage -
RAID
• Redundant Array of Independent Disks
• Hard drives linked together to create a large volume of redundant
storage
• What are the three methods of writing to RAID?
⚬ Mirroring
⚬ Striping
⚬ Parity
• What do the RAID numbers mean (i.e., 0, 1, 5)?
Storage - Block vs. File Level
• Block-Level Storage – Data is written to and accessed from storage volumes
(blocks)
• File-Level Storage – Data is written to disks but accessed from default file
system
Storage – Types of Data Center Storage
• DAS – Storage device is directly attached to a server (block-level)
• NAS – Storage device is attached to a network, servers on the network
can access device (file-level)
• SAN – Clustered storage devices on their own network that servers can
connect to (block-level)
Storage Provisioning
• Thick provisioning: Disk
space is strategically
pre- allocated to a
server, or a VM. This
means that the logical
space provided by
partitioning is equal to
the amount of actual
physical space set
aside on the physical
disk.
Networks
• Transfer data across the data center so devices can
communicate
• What type of hardware is used for networking?
Virtual Data
Center
Benefits of a Virtual Data Center
• Data centers use a lot of hardware and virtualization makes hardware more
efficient
• Increased computing resources results in higher availability of applications
• Less labor needed to monitor data center (administrator can monitor from
desk (using a program)
• Software-defined data center (SDDC): Hypervisor pools physical data center
resources into a virtual data center
Server Virtualization
• Results in increased efficiency of data center servers because multiple VMs
can be hosted on one server
• Computing resources can be distributed to customers using less hardware
Storage Virtualization
• Storage capacity is pooled and
distributed to the VMs
• Physical storage devices are partitioned
into logical storage (LUNs)
• LUNs are used to create a datastore
• How do VMs access data center storage?
• VMs are stored as VMDK (.vmdk) files on
datastore
• VM configuration files (VM settings) are
stored as VMX (.vmx) files
Network Virtualization
• Physical components that make up the physical
network are virtualized to create a virtual network
• What is a vSwitch?
⚬ Virtual switch that virtual devices can
connect to in order to communicate
with each other
• What is a vLAN?
⚬ Virtual Local Area Network that is
segmented into groups of ports isolated
from one another, creating different
network segments
Types of Virtual Networks

• Bridged Network: The host server and the VM are

connected to the same network, and the host
shares its IP address with the VM
• NAT: VMs use an IP translated from the host’s IP
(using NAT device) and communicate on a private
network set up on the host computer
• Host-only Network: VMs use a private network but
do not have translated IP addresses to connect to
external network, therefore can only communicate
to other VMs on the isolated host network
Application and Desktop Virtualization
• Why use virtualized applications?
⚬ Some applications have specific system requirements
⚬ VMware Thinapp creates a packaged virtual app, that contains
the program and system requirements, and delivers it to the end-
user
• What is desktop virtualization?
⚬ Designed to solve computing resource issues faced by the
mobile workforce (workers that need computing without the
hardware)
⚬ VMware Horizon takes the resources needed to create a desktop
environment from data centers and delivers it to the end-user’s
device
The
Cloud
• Cloud computing is the delivery
of shared computing resources
(software and/or data) on-
demand through the internet
VMware
Solutions
VMware solutions optimize your
limited resources to enable you
to focus on business. Our
solutions enable you to protect
your IT infrastructure, even as it
evolves to support your
business initiatives. The end
result is simplified IT
management, lower costs and
the flexibility to support your
mobile workforce.
Server virtualization for business – Private cloud – VMware
VMware vSphere with Operations vCloud® Suite provides the
Management™ offers midsize components to deliver
companies a range of capabilities and infrastructure-as-a-service
tools for maximizing the benefits of and quickly transform a data
their virtualization platform—from center into an agile private
server consolidation and high cloud.
availability to policy-based data center
automation.

End-user computing – VMware

Horizon™ Suite enables IT to
Hybrid cloud – With VMware transform physical and
vCloud Hybrid Service™ and virtual desktops and applications
vCloud service providers, into centralized IT services that
companies can seamlessly can be securely
extend their data centers to the delivered to end-users on any
cloud without additional device - in the office, at home or
capital expenses. on the go.