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DBMS Languages and Interfaces

The document discusses different types of database languages and interfaces. It describes data definition languages (DDL) which define the database structure, data manipulation languages (DML) which access and manipulate data, data control languages (DCL) which retrieve stored data, and transaction control languages (TCL) which control transactions. It also outlines different types of database interfaces including menu-based, forms-based, graphical user interfaces, natural language interfaces, and speech-based interfaces. The interfaces allow users to interact with the database without using the underlying query languages.

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AASTHA KIET
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1K views

DBMS Languages and Interfaces

The document discusses different types of database languages and interfaces. It describes data definition languages (DDL) which define the database structure, data manipulation languages (DML) which access and manipulate data, data control languages (DCL) which retrieve stored data, and transaction control languages (TCL) which control transactions. It also outlines different types of database interfaces including menu-based, forms-based, graphical user interfaces, natural language interfaces, and speech-based interfaces. The interfaces allow users to interact with the database without using the underlying query languages.

Uploaded by

AASTHA KIET
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DBMS LANGUAGES AND INTERFACES

LECTURE OUTLINE

• DBMS Languages
• DBMS Interfaces
DBMS Languages

A DBMS has appropriate languages and interfaces


to express database queries and updates.
Database languages can be used to read, store and
update the data in the database.
Types of Database Language
Data Definition Language

• DDL stands for Data Definition Language. It is
used to define database structure or pattern.
• It is used to create schema, tables, indexes,
constraints, etc. in the database.
• Using the DDL statements, you can create the
skeleton of the database.
• Data definition language is used to store the
information of metadata like the number of
tables and schemas, their names, indexes,
columns in each table, constraints, etc.
Here are some tasks that come under DDL

Create: It is used to create objects in the database.


Alter: It is used to alter the structure of the database.
Drop: It is used to delete objects from the database.
Truncate: It is used to remove all records from a table.
Rename: It is used to rename an object.

These commands are used to update the database


schema that's why they come under Data definition
language.
Data Manipulation Language
• DML stands for Data Manipulation Language. It
is used for accessing and manipulating data in a
database. It handles user requests.
Here are some tasks that come under DML

Select: It is used to retrieve data from a database.


Insert: It is used to insert data into a table.
Update: It is used to update existing data within a
table.
Delete: It is used to delete records from a table.
Merge: It performs UPSERT operation, i.e., insert or
update operations.
Merging example
Data Control Language

DCL stands for Data Control Language. It is used to


retrieve the stored or saved data.
The DCL execution is transactional. It also has
rollback parameters.
Here are some tasks that come under DCL

Grant: It is used to give user access privileges to a


database.
Revoke: It is used to take back permissions from the
user.
Transaction Control Language

TCL is used to run the changes made by the DML


statement. TCL can be grouped into a logical
transaction.

Here are some tasks that come under TCL

Commit: It is used to save the transaction on the


database.
Rollback: It is used to restore the database to
original since the last Commit.
Interfaces in DBMS

• A database management system (DBMS) interface


is a user interface which allows for the ability to
input queries to a database without using the
query language itself.
Menu-Based Interfaces

• These interfaces present the user with lists of


options (called menus) through which the user
is able to send the request.
• Basic advantage of using menus is that they
removes the tension of remembering specific
commands and syntax of any query language,
rather than query is basically composed step by
step by collecting or picking options from a
menu that is basically shown by the system.
Pull-down menus are a very popular technique
in Web based interfaces.
Forms-Based Interfaces

• A forms-based interface displays a form to each


user.
• Users can fill out all of the form entries to insert
a new data, or they can fill out only certain
entries, in which case the DBMS will redeem
same type of data for other remaining entries.
• This type of forms are usually designed or
created and programmed for the users that
have no expertise in operating system.
Graphical User Interface

• A GUI typically displays a schema to the user in


diagrammatic form.
• The user then can specify a query by
manipulating the diagram.
• In many cases, GUI’s utilize both menus and
forms.
• Most GUIs use a pointing device such as mouse,
to pick certain part of the displayed schema
diagram.
Natural language Interfaces

• A natural language interface to a database (NLIDB) is a


system that allows the user to access information
stored in a database by typing requests expressed in
some natural language (e.g. English)
• The natural language interface refers to the words in its
schema as well as to the set of standard words in a dictionary
to interpret the request.
• If the interpretation is successful, the interface generates a
high-level query corresponding to the natural language and
submits it to the DBMS for processing, otherwise a dialogue
is started with the user to clarify any provided condition or
request.
Speech Input and Output

• There is an limited use of speech say it for a query or an


answer to a question or being a result of a request
• Applications with limited vocabularies such as inquiries
for telephone directory, flight arrival/departure, and
bank account information are allowed speech for input
and output to enable ordinary folks to access this
information.
• The Speech input is detected using a predefined words
and used to set up the parameters that are supplied to
the queries. For output, a similar conversion from text or
numbers into speech take place.
Interfaces for DBA 

• Most database system contains privileged commands


that can be used only by the DBA’s staff. These include
commands for creating accounts, setting system
parameters, granting account authorization, changing a
schema, reorganizing the storage structures of a
databases.

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