Horizontal Shearing

Stress

Prepared by:
Engr. Jan Marc M. Padillo
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, students will be able to;

(1) Understand the concept of horizontal shear stress; and

(2) Solve horizontal shear stress of beams.
 Horizontal shear stress occurs between horizontal layers (fibers) of
the beam, as well as transverse shear stresses on the vertical cross
section. The existence of horizontal shear stresses in a beam can be
demonstrated as follows.
Derivation of Shear Stress
From the Diagram:

FL + Fv − FR = 0

Fv = FR − FL (1)

Fv = fvbdx (2)

FL = ∫ fb1 dA ; b1
My (3)
= I
f

FR = ∫ fb2 dA ; fb2 = (M + dM)y (4)

I
Equate (1), (2), (3), and (4)

(M + dM)y My
fv bdx = ∫ I dA − ∫ IdA

My dMy My
fv bdx = ∫ I dA + ∫ I dA − ∫ I dA

dMy
fv bdx = ∫ I dA

1 dM
fv = Ib ∫ dx ydA

but dM and ∫ y dA = Q (first moment of

dx = V
area)
Shear Stress Formula:

𝐕𝐐
𝐟𝐯 = 𝐈𝐛

where

fv = shear stress, MPa

V =shear force, N
Q = first moment of area, mm3
I = Moment of Inertiamm4
b = width of the section, mm
Problem 1: A timber beam 80 mm wide by 160 mm high is subjected to a
vertical shear V = 40 kN. Determine the shearing stress developed at
layers 20 mm apart from the top to bottom of the section.

80 mm

160 mm
 Qn = An yn
Layer 1: Q1 = 80(20) 70 = 112, 000 mm3
Layer 2: Q2 = 80(40) 60 = 192, 000 mm3
Layer 3: Q 3 = 80(60) 50 = 240, 000 mm3
Layer 4: Q 4 = 80(80) 40 = 256, 000 mm3

40,000
fvn = VQ n = Qn
Ib 80 160 3
12 (80)
3
fvn = Q
163,840 n

3
fv1 = 112, 000 = 2.0508 MPa
163,840
3
fv2 = 192, 000 = 3.5156 MPa
163,840
3
fv3 = 240, 000 = 4.3945 MPa
163,840
3
fv4 = 256, 000 = 4.6875 MPa
163,840
Problem 2: A 6m long beam with a 50 mm × 50 mm cross section is
subjected to uniform loading of 5 kN/m. Find the maximum shear stress
in the beam.

5 kN/m
50 mm

25 mm
50 mm
3m
V = 15 kN h h
V = 15,000 N Q=b
2 4
50
b = 50 mm Q = 50
50
2
bh3
I= 4
12
50 50 3
I= 𝐐 = 𝟏𝟓, 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝐦𝐦𝟑
12
𝐈 = 𝟓𝟐𝟎, 𝟖𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝐦𝒎𝟒 VQ
τ 𝐦𝐚𝐱
max =
Ib

15,000 15,625
τ
max =
520,833.33(50)
𝛕 = 𝟗 𝐌𝐏𝐚
Problem 3: Assuming the shearing stress is uniformly distributed across the
neutral axis, show that the shearing stress developed at the neutral axis
of a beam with circular cross section is:

𝟒 𝐕
𝛕=
𝟑 𝛑𝐫 𝟐

r c. g. Q = A𝑦 VQ
τ = Ib
4r/3π 2
N. A. 1 4r
2 V r 3
Q = πr 3π τ= π 3
2 2r
r 4
𝟐 𝟒4 𝐕
𝛑 𝟑
𝐛 = 𝟐𝐫 𝐈 = 𝐫𝟒 𝐐= 𝐫 𝛕=
𝟒 𝟑 𝟑 𝛑𝐫 𝟐
 Problem 4: The cross section of I beam is shown below. Find the maximum
shear stress in the web if it transmits a vertical shear of 2 kN.

V = 2,000 N
100 mm
b = 10 mm
10 mm
Q = 100 10 55 + (10)(50)
(25)
𝐐 = 𝟔𝟕, 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟑
bh3
I=
100 mm 12
100 120 3 45 100 3
I= −2
12 12
𝐈 = 𝟔, 𝟗𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟒

10 mm τm ax = VQ
Ib
τm ax = 2,000 67,500
6,900,000(10)
10 mm
𝛕𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟔 𝐌𝐏𝐚
MECH 221- Mechanics of Deformable Bodies
Board work Rubric

1. Clarity of Presentation – 10 pts.

2. Understanding of concept – 10 pts.
3. Appropriate use of formulas – 5 pts.
4. Engagement with the Audience – 5 pts.

Total Points: 30 pts.

Problem 5: The cross-section of a beam is an isosceles triangle with vertex
uppermost, of altitude h and base b. If V is the vertical shear, show that
the shearing stress is 3V/th located at the midpoint of the altitude.

b=x

h
y=2

2
𝑦 = 3 h−y

t
Q = A𝑦 The shearing stress occurs at the
1 2 1 mid height of the altitude, h is
Q = xy h − y = xy(h − y)
2 3 3 2
12V 1 1
f h h − h
1
I = 36 th3 v =
th3 1 2 2
12V 2 2
fv =
th3 2 h − 4 h
1
fv = 12V 1 2
h
Thus, th 3

4
𝟑𝐕
VQ 𝐟𝐯 = 𝐭𝐡
fv =
Ib
V 1 xy h − y
fv = 3
1
36 th3 (x)
12V
fv = th3 (hy − y 2 )
Problem 6: The beam has a T-shaped cross section formed by joining two
rectangular pieces of wood together. The beam is subjected to a
maximum shearing force of 60 kN. Determine the shearing stress (a)
at the neutral axis and (b) at the junction between the two pieces of
wood.

200 mm
40 mm

100 mm

20 mm
 A (mm2) y (m) Ay (mm3)
A1 = 200 40 = 8,000 𝑦1 = 20 160,000
A2 = 20 100 = 2,000 𝑦2 = 90 180,000
AT = 10,000 ∑A n y n = 340,000

∑An y n
y= AT 1
340,000 I1 = 200 40 3 + 200 40 34 − 20 2
12
y= I1 = 2,634,666.67 mm4
10,000
𝐲 = 𝟑𝟒 𝐦𝐦
200 mm I2 = 1 20 100 3 + 100 20 90 − 34 2
12
N. A.
34
14 40 mm I2 = 7,938,666.67 mm4

100 mm I NA = I1 + I2
𝐈𝐍𝐀 = 𝟏𝟎, 𝟓𝟕𝟑, 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟒 𝐦𝐦𝟒
20 mm
 Part a
Shearing Stress at the Neutral Axis

First moment of area:

Q = 200(34)(17)
𝐐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓, 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐦𝟑

Maximum shear:
V = 60 1,000
𝐕 = 𝟔𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐍

Shearing Stress:
fv = VQ
Ib
(60,000)(115,600)
fv =
(10,573,333.34)(200)
𝐟𝐯 = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟖 𝐌𝐏𝐚
 Part b

Shearing Stress at the Junction between two pieces of wood

First moment of area: Maximum shear:

Q = 100(20)(56) V = 60 1,000
𝐐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟑 𝐕 = 𝟔𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐍

Shearing stress on the flange: Shearing stress on the web:

fv = VQ fv = VQ
Ib Ib
(60,000)(112,000)
fv = fv = (60,000)(112,000)
(10,573,333.34)(200) (10,573,333.34)(20)
𝐟𝐯 = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝐌𝐏𝐚 𝐟𝐯 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟕𝟗 𝐌𝐏𝐚
 REFERENCE
S
http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Beams/Shear_stress.html

http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-ROORKEE/strength
%20of%20materials/lects%20&%20picts/image/lect28%20and%2029/lectur
e%2028%20and%2029.htm